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<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>水如歌</title><link>http://www.xsyw.com/</link><description>语文博客</description><generator>RainbowSoft Studio Z-Blog 1.8 Walle Build 100427</generator><language>zh-CN</language><copyright>Copyright 2002-2011 Xsyw.com. Some Rights Reserved.</copyright><pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2012 14:39:16 +0800</pubDate><item><title>写作序列化训练的几点基本想法(备课组中心发言人发言提纲)</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/154.html</link><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 18:34:26 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/154.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24.1pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">一、作文训练的基本模式。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">有的是按表达方式来确定作文教学的序列化：记叙文&rarr;说明文&rarr;议论文。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">有的是按写作流程来确定作文教学的序列化：审题&rarr;立意&rarr;选材&rarr;构思&rarr;行文&rarr;修改。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">有得是按表达凭借的手段来确定作文教学的序列化：先说后写，以说带写，用口头语言作为书面语言的先导。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">有的是按写作的本质来确定作文教学的序列化：观察&rarr;思考&rarr;感悟&rarr;作文。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24.1pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">二、处理好序列训练的几大关系。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、教材的约束性与教师自由度的关系。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、课内外的关系；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、讲与练的关系；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、理论与实践的关系；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、作文训练与作文考试的关系；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24.1pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">三、高中三年的序列安排<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高中三年的作文教学必须要有一个完整的序列规划和整体教学目标，才能使大多数学生在作文能力方面循序渐进、有效提高。为了达到这一目标，这就要求每一个年级段都要有各自的训练重心。而每一次的作文训练也都应该有其训练的侧重点，力争让学生通过每一次的作文训练在能力方面都要有所收获，使他们每一次作文时都能找到自己的闪光点、成功处，找到写作的新动力，变被动写作为主动写作。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高中三年写作训练的整体安排是<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高一年：记叙文<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高二年：议论文<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高三年：考场作文<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">具体分解：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高一第一学期：重点是训练写人的记叙文，可分解序列为：写谁，写什么，选什么材料，如何来写，如何突出个性等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高一第二学期：重点是训练记事的记叙文，具体分解序列为：确定什么中心，写什么事情，选什么材料，如何写的生动等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高二第一学期：重点是训练议论文的写作，可分解序列为如何立论，如何论证，如何结构等</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高二第二学期：重点训练散文的写作，可分解序列为抒情散文、叙事散文、哲理散文的写作方法等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高三第一学期：着重审题能力和写作基本套路的训练，通过训练让学生达到高考基础等级。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">高三第二学期：着重就作文的发展进行训练，具体分解序列为：深刻透彻；生动形象；有文采；有创意。最后一阶段，让学生根据自己的写作长处，确定某一文体进行强化训练，力图通过训练使其作文达到基础等级的上限或创新等级。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24.1pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">四、作文课的基本课型：方法理论指导课型，自主写作课型。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">知道了我们的作文教学并非是让学生搞文学创作，因此在学生作文之前，加强理论方法的指导就显得尤为重要了，虽说&ldquo;文无定法&rdquo;，但是在写作过程中依然会有一些共同或相通的东西，必须要较为系统的对学生进行指导，而不是放羊式的自由创作。这种方法理论指导课型，以指导学生如何写作为主，另外兼引导学生去修改作文。具体的内容可分为：理论指导，美文揣摩，作文评改，作文升格等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">自主写作课，就是教师按照序列训练设计的计划，每次出题时候都要明确此次作文训练的重点，让学生带着这种重点意识去自主完成一篇作文，老师不作任何的指导。在作文时候，要求学生有时间观念，必须当堂完成作文。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16.5pt; text-indent: 24.1pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">五、写作训练的三种形式：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18.4pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">）随笔训练：写随笔要求也不高，就像写日记，但是比日记要求更宽泛，学生有什么写什么，有话则长无话则短，可以是一句，可以是一段，也可以是一篇；所写内容也可以是包罗万象。但要求是写真话，说真事，流真情，忌流水账的形式。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18.4pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">）片断训练：也叫小作文训练，主要是在教师的要求和指导下按照一定的序列有步骤的进行完文的分解训练，时间可以不作统一要求，但是所写的内容或训练的侧重点必须是有序的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18.4pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">）完文训练：也叫大作文训练，就是在规定的时间内写一篇完整的大作文出来，尽量是当堂完成。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>]]></description><category>语文杂谈</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/154.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=154</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=154&amp;key=ce90dd70</trackback:ping></item><item><title> 《&amp;lt;人间词话&amp;gt;十则》教学设计</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/153.html</link><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 15:40:47 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/153.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center; ">&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 华文中宋; line-height: 24px; font-size: 20px; ">《<span lang="EN-US">&lt;</span>人间词话<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>十则》教学设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:36.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:华文仿宋">国光中学 黄新生<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:20.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:华文仿宋">&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family:华文仿宋">昔者庄周梦为蝴蝶，栩栩然蝴蝶也，自喻适志与！不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为蝴蝶与，蝴蝶之梦为周与？周与蝴蝶，则必有分矣。此之谓<span lang="EN-US">&lsquo;</span>物化<span lang="EN-US">&rsquo;</span>。<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>（《庄子<span lang="EN-US">&middot;</span>齐物论》）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">一、教学目标<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:24.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">、理解王国维&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的内涵及其分析文学作品的方法，初步形成运用&ldquo;境界<span lang="EN-US">(</span>意境<span lang="EN-US">)</span>&rdquo;来分析古代诗文<span lang="EN-US">(</span>部分文学作品<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的能力。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计意图］王国维是&ldquo;境界说&rdquo;的首倡者，也是《人间词话》的理论核心，在古诗文阅读中具有核心的地位。学习本文的一个重要目标就是让学生理解&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的内涵，并能以此来分析古代诗文，形成一定的鉴赏能力。当然这种能力并非只对于古诗文适用，许多文学作品，包括现代文也可以用此来进行分析。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:24.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">、理解作家修养与生活、文学创作的关系；理解读者修养与作品解读之间的关系，增强提高个人修养重要意义的认识。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计意图］通过细读文本，个人认为可以将选文分为两大部分，一部分是&ldquo;境界说&rdquo;的主体部分，即<span lang="EN-US">1-6</span>则；另一部分可以归结为&ldquo;作者、读者与生活，与作品、与文学创作的关系&rdquo;，即<span lang="EN-US">7-10</span>则。这样解读可以更好地让学生理解文学创作与作品赏析的基本规律，从而更有效地利用教材。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:24.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">二、教学重、难点：领会&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;与&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;、&ldquo;入乎其内&rdquo;与&ldquo;出乎其外&rdquo;的区别与联系。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:23.6pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.96;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">三、教学方法：在启发基础上的讲授法<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明］本课是文艺理论的作品，内容对于学生来说比较陌生。同时，本文是从原文不同位置筛选出来组合而成的，尽管内在的逻辑脉络尚清晰，但对于学生来说仍有一定的跳跃性，有一定的阅读难度。所以本课选择&ldquo;在启发基础上的讲授法&rdquo;，授课过程中根据学生的不同反应来选用、调节教学方法，如果学生理解有难度便由老师更多地讲授。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:23.6pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.96;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">四、课时安排：两课时<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:23.6pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.96;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">五、教学内容<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">一<span lang="EN-US">)</span>什么是&ldquo;境界&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：选文提出的中心概念是什么？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计意图及启发引导过程］围绕全文的一个中心概念是&ldquo;境界&rdquo;。这个问题并不难，学生通读全文后基本都可以得出结论。虽难度不大，但因此概念是全文论述的中心，仍然需让学生加以明确。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">2</span>：境界有什么作用？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］这个问题在第一则，设置此问题的主要目的是引导学生学会从文中筛选信息，同时也加深对&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的理解。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">3</span>：从哪些角度来理解境界？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］选文中，作者对境界分为三个层次：包括&ldquo;写境与造境&rdquo;、&ldquo;无我之境与有我之境&rdquo;和&ldquo;景境与情境&rdquo;。理解这个问题需要更大范围地去筛选与概括，主要培养学生的&ldquo;信息筛选能力与概括能力&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>什么是&ldquo;造境&rdquo;和&ldquo;写境&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题：用自己的话简洁地描述什么是&ldquo;造境&rdquo;，什么是&ldquo;写境&rdquo;，并举例说明。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］针对第二则设问，主要目的是有两个，一是培养学生理解后的转述能力，第二是培养理解后的应用能力。此问难度比较大。主要抓住&ldquo;此理想与写实二派之所由分&rdquo;一句中的&ldquo;理想&rdquo;与&ldquo;写实&rdquo;两词的理解，根据注解实则为&ldquo;浪漫主义&rdquo;与&ldquo;现实主义&rdquo;。然后抓住展开论述部分的&ldquo;合乎自然&rdquo;与&ldquo;临于理想&rdquo;两个短语。显然前者是作者在写作过程中&ldquo;贴近自然&rdquo;，后者&ldquo;贴近自我&rdquo;。在引导学生理解后可以提问学生，按此意思进行表述，只要意思清楚即可，不必强求一律。&ldquo;造境&rdquo;表述为&ldquo;按主观理想虚构而成&rdquo;，&ldquo;写境&rdquo;表述为&ldquo;按客观自然描写而成&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">至于&ldquo;举例说明&rdquo;可以从自己学过的诗词或文章中选择，可以事先提供一些已经学过的诗文，有助学生根据理解进行辨别、判断。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">三<span lang="EN-US">)</span>什么是&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;和&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：结合作者所举之例，谈谈对&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;与&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;的理解。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］针对第三则设问，也是本文理解的重点和难点。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">引导理解的第一步要从上一则&ldquo;写境&rdquo;与&ldquo;造境&rdquo;引申过来，二者有相同之处。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">第二步要从原文所举之例入手，主要抓住&ldquo;泪眼问花花不语&rdquo;与&ldquo;悠然见南山&rdquo;的比较切入。可以再细分出一些更具体的问题。如&ldquo;两句都有一个可以&lsquo;问&rsquo;，可以&lsquo;见&rsquo;的我，为什么说是&lsquo;无我&rsquo;呢？&rdquo;&ldquo;&lsquo;问&rsquo;与&lsquo;见&rsquo;的时候作者所带的感情有什么不同？&rdquo;等等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">第三步，通过所举之例，结合原文的引申论述引导学生理解。抓住&ldquo;以我观物，故物皆著我之色彩&rdquo;和&ldquo;以物观物，故不知何者为我，何者为物&rdquo;两句的比较。通过引导，让学生初步理解二者的大概差别。&ldquo;泪眼&rdquo;有一个可以&ldquo;流泪之眼&rdquo;，作者带着强烈的感情，&ldquo;物皆著我之色彩&rdquo;，故为&ldquo;有我&rdquo;；&ldquo;见南山&rdquo;虽有个可&ldquo;问&rdquo;之我，可是这个&ldquo;我&rdquo;并没有带任何主观感情，是&ldquo;站在物的角度来观物&rdquo;，是&ldquo;以物观物&rdquo;故为&ldquo;无我&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">最后引导学生对二者用文字进行表述。&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;是作者心境完全融化在客观静穆的景物之中的浑然物化的境界。&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;是作者带着强烈主观感情色彩观察外物，并把这种感情投射到外物之上。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">2</span>：按作者看来，两者之间的核心区别点在哪里？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此为上一问的备选问题。二者的区别点是&ldquo;心与物的关系远近&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">3</span>：理清<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、<span lang="EN-US">4</span>则论述&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;与&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;的层次。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］这也是备选问题，在第<span lang="EN-US">1</span>问难以解决的情况下可以用此问题先引导学生理清脉络层次帮助理解。<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、<span lang="EN-US">4</span>则是合起来论述&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;与&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;的，大概从三个层次进行论述。⑴&ldquo;有有我之境，有无我之境&rdquo;此句为观点。⑵&ldquo;泪眼&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;后为引用论证。⑶&ldquo;有我之境，以我观物&hellip;&hellip;何者为物&rdquo;与第<span lang="EN-US">4</span>则从&ldquo;观物方式&rdquo;和&ldquo;心境不同&rdquo;两个方面具体论述二者的区别。⑷&ldquo;古人为词&hellip;&hellip;能自树立耳&rdquo;从&ldquo;创作的难易之别&rdquo;的角度进行区别。这是细节处的层次脉络，对于提高学生分析文本的能力应大有益处。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">4</span>：作者对两者有何看法？你个人认为呢？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问针对上一问的第⑷层，设置的目的在于培养学生透过文本去把握作者的观点倾向的能力。从文本本身来看，作者似乎更倾向于&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;，通过&ldquo;此在豪杰之士能自树立耳&rdquo;可以感受得到。当然对此问题的看法可以是开放性的，学生可以各抒己见，只要言之成理即可。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">5</span>：&ldquo;于静中得之&rdquo;与&ldquo;于由动之静时得之&rdquo;如何理解，有何区别？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问针对第<span lang="EN-US">4</span>则设问，个人认为这是本文最难的一个点&mdash;&mdash;这是课后才发现的。所谓的&ldquo;于静中得之&rdquo;意思是&ldquo;超越世俗，去除妄念，宁思息虑，离情绝欲，以散淡静谧的心境<span lang="EN-US">(</span>甚至是无心<span lang="EN-US">)</span>来看待外物&rdquo;；而&ldquo;于动之静时得之&rdquo;意思是&ldquo;在强烈的情感的动态作用下，保持一种平静的心态去抒写&rdquo;。另外，这对于学生写作有些帮助。当情感发生的时候<span lang="EN-US">(</span>心念的动<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，我们往往为情所牵，沉浸在情感之中而无法自拔。而当情感过去了以后，我们也顺其自然，没有及时去&ldquo;观照&rdquo;，去&ldquo;体验&rdquo;。要写好作文，及时地&ldquo;反观自身的起心动念&rdquo;是必须的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">6</span>：能不能从所学过的诗文中选择一些片段或语句作为两者的例证。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问为上一问的延续。学生真正理解了二者之间的差别以后举例并不难。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">四<span lang="EN-US">)</span>理解作者修养与作品所蕴含境界的关系<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：境界在哪里&mdash;&mdash;在景物里，在作品里，在作者的心里，在读者的心里？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］以上部分大概一课时，主要解决&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的问题。这是一个过渡性问题，目的在于从前半部分的&ldquo;境界&rdquo;过渡到后面的&ldquo;作者、读者与作品所蕴含境界&rdquo;的关系。至于&ldquo;境界到底在哪里&rdquo;恐怕不能一概而论，既在于作者创作时的&ldquo;景、情与心境&rdquo;，也在于读者通过语言文字所转化的&ldquo;景与情与心境&rdquo;。此问题引导学生加以讨论即可，不必追求统一答案。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">2</span>：在作者看来，决定作品的境界是什么？从文中找出具体论述的句子。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问题针对第<span lang="EN-US">8</span>则和第<span lang="EN-US">9</span>则，至于第<span lang="EN-US">7</span>则暂时不讲，留待后面解决。第<span lang="EN-US">8</span>则作者所举的&ldquo;东坡词&rdquo;与&ldquo;稼轩词&rdquo;主要目的在于说明作者&ldquo;内在胸襟、气度&rdquo;对于诗词创作的作用。第<span lang="EN-US">9</span>则侧重论述&ldquo;人格真切&rdquo;对于诗词境界的重要意义。这通过&ldquo;以其所见者真，所知者深也&rdquo;即可得知。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">3</span>：王国维认为创作者应该具备哪些要素才能提升个人境界？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问题为上两个问题的总括，即首先要&ldquo;人格真切&rdquo;，其次要具备&ldquo;内在的胸襟、气度&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">4</span>：你同意作者关于&ldquo;东坡词旷&rdquo;和&ldquo;稼轩词豪&rdquo;的说法吗，请举例说明。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］这是一个较难的问题，说它难倒不在于理解，更多的是体会。如何是&ldquo;旷&rdquo;，如何是&ldquo;豪&rdquo;对于学生来说，体会起来有难度。这里选择苏轼的《定风波》和辛弃疾的《破阵子》两首比较典型的、有利于解决此问题的词来让学生分析，可以引导学生根据个人体会畅所欲言。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">5</span>：作者认为应该如何提升个人境界？方法是什么？ <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问题针对第<span lang="EN-US">10</span>则，谈诗人修养与文学创作的基本规律。&ldquo;入乎其内，出乎其外&rdquo;，谈的实际是艺术创作&ldquo;源于生活，又高于生活&rdquo;。在写作过程中，即要深入生活，充分了解、把握写作的对象，又不能完全受写作对象的限制。这里可以举学生已经学过的周邦彦的《苏幕遮&middot;燎沉香》作为说明。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">6</span>：如何理解&ldquo;入乎其内&rdquo;与&ldquo;出乎其外&rdquo;？这对于提升写作水平有什么启发？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问题是上一问题的备选问题，可引导学生根据个人理解畅所欲言。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">7</span>：作者认为提升个人境界有什么样的过程？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问题针对第<span lang="EN-US">7</span>则设问。个人认为如果把后面几则的顺序稍作调整可能更便于讲解，也更便于学生理解。调整以后的思路是：先讲作者个人的修养的基本要求，人格真切和胸襟气度；再讲修养的方法&ldquo;入乎其内，出乎其外&rdquo;；最后说个人修养形成的过程，即&ldquo;三个阶段&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">五<span lang="EN-US">)</span>总结全文<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：总结几则选文的层次脉络？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］此问题在于对全文进行总结。&ldquo;把握结构、理清思路&rdquo;是一般阅读教学都必须解决的问题。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">问题<span lang="EN-US">2</span>：学习了这篇文章，作为读者的我们，如何才能更好地把握作品的境界？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明及启发引导过程］文中虽未对读者提出明确的要求，但创作过程与阅读过程实则一体而两面，要更好地理解作品的唯一途径是按作者的修养的要求提高个人修养。此问题要引导学生明白，提高个人修养是读懂作品，深入把握作品的唯一途径。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">六、板书设计<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:300%"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="仿宋_GB2312" size="4"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 42px;"><a href="http://www.xsyw.com/upload/2011/5/%E6%9D%BF%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.jpg"><img width="400" height="136" align="absMiddle" alt="" src="/upload/2011/5/%E6%9D%BF%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.jpg" /></a><br /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">七、作业</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体">自选一篇学过的诗词或文章，从&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的角度写一篇赏析文章，字数不少于<span lang="EN-US">300</span>字。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:华文仿宋">［设计说明］作业在于对课堂所学的知识的巩固、拓展，并尽可能以此促进学生能力的提升。本课主要学习王国维&ldquo;境界&rdquo;思想，但是只是理解此一观点是不足的，更重要的要通过学习与适当训练促进学生能力的提升。为了降低难度，学生可以选择自己所学过的最为喜欢、最拿手的一首诗来分析。目的在于分析的方法与能力。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体">附：《学生课外预习参考诗词选》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>此材料上课前印发给学生作预习的参考。上课时尽量要求学生从这里找出例证。略。<span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>]]></description><category>教案试题</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/153.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=153</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=153&amp;key=a2a23d53</trackback:ping></item><item><title>学生习作《这也是一种幸福》评析</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/152.html</link><pubDate>Sat, 21 May 2011 23:55:01 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/152.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">大多数学生最怕的莫过于写作文，相信很多语<st1:personname w:st="on" productid="文">文</st1:personname>老师，最没底的恐怕也莫过于教学生写作文了。就拿我来说吧，每次面对学生的作文，心里总是惶惶然的，不知道该如何来评价，不知该给他们些什么样的建议。这惶然里也包括担心自己所给的那些所谓的写作技法会让他们奉为神圣指令而扼杀他们的灵性，从而贻毒终生。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但惶恐归惶恐，作为语<st1:personname w:st="on" productid="文">文</st1:personname>老师终究还是得勇敢地去面对五花八门的习作。以下这篇作文是晓东同学昨天晚上拿给我的。这已经不是我第一次收到这种非任务、非命题的习作了。不同的是，这次我没发觉以往他们身上常有的畏缩和生涩，更多的是自信和从容。但对于我来说，却更加地惶惶然了。习作的全文只字不动，照录如下。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这也是一种幸福</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2012</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">届理科实验班 陈晓东</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">朋友长大了，变得成熟、稳重。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我也长大了，落得孤僻、自闭。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">于是乎，怀旧便顺理成章搭上了生活的舞台，慰以内心的寂寥。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">怀旧像盅陈年的老酒，开盖时候便情不自禁地为香气所吸引，以至于深深地陶醉其中。时常望的天花板发呆，记忆顺着友谊的脉络，导回往日美好的时光，启开绵绵岁月，这醇醇的怀念，虽是一份情，烙在心底，却成了永恒。只是很不甘心，眼看着身旁的一切在被无声地剥夺，自己却是无能为力。于是，不忍视睹；于是，开始怀旧；于是，转悲为喜。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">想那日丽风和的春天，草长莺飞，年轻的心，总是不甘落后于生机盎然的春。牵着黄牛，踏随春的足迹，在树林里、在草丛中、或是在田野间，唱着那&ldquo;牧童骑黄牛&rdquo;的歌谣，阳光对着那稚嫩的脸蛋总是那么亲昵。小草儿绿得发亮，真想摇身一变，变成那活泼机灵的牛犊，尝遍这绿遍山原的春天的礼物。忽然，对边传来朋友的呼唤，该鸣金收兵喽，日落西山，袅袅炊烟。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">渴望夏的热烈，热烈中的静谧意欲捕鸣蝉，忽然闭口立。夏天的黄昏是柔和的，柔和得令人不禁引起对天空的遐想。家的对面就是太阳落山的地方，每当黄昏的时候，与朋友拿着背椅，坐在自家的门前看那红霞满天。谈天，谈那天上的十个太阳；谈那上古的夸父追日，渴死</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">旸</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">谷；谈那硕大的飞鸟穿越天涯的传奇&hellip;&hellip;小小的心，大大的世界。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">赏秋，这个金黄的世界，叶子落了，沉淀着对来年春天的梦。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">杮</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">子树上挂满了红灯笼，迎来了鸟儿的欢鸣，伸长长长的竹竿，够着了摇曳的枝头，在扑通的一顺间，朋友伸手接住了这骄弱的自然之子，接着，一个会心的微笑。稻田里满农家的黄金，把把金穗，笑弯了腰撑破了肚皮。坐在田埂上，望着田地里弯腰忙收割的农民，那里有我的父母，朋友的父母。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬天来了，没有北方银白的套装，而南方的冬天，自成一番情趣。寻找某处干草丛，撒上些许谷子，其上套个竹笼，树枝撑着，细绳引着。忽然，朋友大喊&ldquo;中了、中了！&rdquo;原来一只黑尾鹊正在笼里挣扎。一年中最热闹的莫属春节了，&ldquo;爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏，千门万户</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">曈曈</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">日，总把新桃换旧符&rdquo;，在爆竹声中，又开始酝酿着春天。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">好像过去的一切都美丽，跌倒时，有朋友；哭泣时，有朋友安慰；高兴时，有朋友分享。曾经以为，人生路上有了朋友，我的生命将更加美丽。而现在，朋友不在身边了，怀旧成了另一种美丽。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">朋友要走了，却还满心的牵挂。聚也不是开始，散也不是结束，曾经你握着我的手，把幸福送到我心中。既然已曾经拥有，请不要担心我会寂寞，怀旧将是我的好朋友。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">［正文<span lang="EN-US">994</span>字］</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">看完文章后，我的第一感觉是不知该怎么办。但无论如何，面对学生我总不至于顾左右而言它，总不至于&ldquo;今天的天气，哈，哈哈哈&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;还是只能老老实实地去面对。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">所以，接下来的反应是我得镇定下来，好好理一理头绪。于是，一大堆的问题在脑海里盘旋&hellip;&hellip;首先也是最重要的，我得先把作文看懂(这其实不太容易，特别是对于学生的作文)，然后，我得判断这算是一篇好作文吗？可是好作文的标准是什么？我应该按哪个标准来给他定标准：按高考的，按文学创作的，还是自由习作的？我应该怎么评判对他才有帮助？当然，本着对学生负责的态度，我还得考虑如果这是在考场上完成的作文，它的命运会是如何？</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我得先找优点，从好的方面开始说。除了个别字词的使用不够精到，值得再推敲外，语言表达整体挺好的。不光通顺、流畅，还有美感了。如开头的处理，尽管有点儿做作之嫌</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但读来还是有些&ldquo;意思&rdquo;，有点&ldquo;感觉&rdquo;的。再如&ldquo;于是，不忍视睹；于是，开始怀旧；于是，转悲为喜&rdquo;，估且不看意思能不能表达清楚，光从语言形式上看，用&ldquo;于是&rdquo;这个连词贯串三个不同短语，可以有效地表达自己的内心的情感体验。文中还有许多地方也是用这种手法。美感来源于节奏感，作者已经懂得如何更好地来控制语言的节奏，这实属不易。从语文能力的角度来看，这是修辞的能力，是调整语言的能力，就如张志公说的&ldquo;修辞是一种选择的过程&rdquo;。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">其次，情景塑造得不错。在所有的语文能力中，很重要的一项就是形象思维能力。表现在写作上是景、事、物、人、情的再现或表现，或者说化头脑中的抽象为具象，并能用语言表达出来。这篇文章中虽然有许多是引用现成的词语和诗句。如&ldquo;风和日丽&rdquo;、&ldquo;草长莺飞&rdquo;，如&ldquo;意欲捕鸣蝉，忽然闭口立&rdquo;，&ldquo;爆竹声中一岁除&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;等等。但也有作者自己独到的观察和体验，如说&ldquo;小草儿绿得发亮&rdquo;，&ldquo;阳光对稚嫩的脸蛋总那么的亲昵&rdquo;等等。最重要的是通过作者的组织，写出了四季所独有的特征。我是农村长大的孩子，可以体会到那种感觉。当然，重要的不是给有类似经历的人以类似的感觉，而是能调动起所有的人以同样的感受。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第三，文章的结构挺好的。结构属于整体思维，是构成文章形式的最为重要的组成部分。好的结构可以使文章成为一个整体，使得感情的抒发或观点的表达更为鲜明而集中。用春、夏、秋、冬四季来结构文章，从不同角度去书写朋友的亲密无间，虽是老套了，但对于一个刚学写作的人来说确实是应该提倡的。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">最重要的是，我有两点疑虑。一是文章所表达的&ldquo;怀旧也是一种幸福&rdquo;本不是个新鲜的角度。二是，文章的内容与题目之间是否可以配得上。即使这不是篇考场的命题作文，更多是&ldquo;自由习作&rdquo;。从审题的角度看，&ldquo;这也是一种幸福&rdquo;有三个要点。一是对&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;的诠释，这是仁者见仁，智者见智的，只要不违背什么大原则而真的觉得&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;，又可以自圆其说，应该没有什么问题。二是&ldquo;这&rdquo;到底是什么要指代清楚。从文章来看，作者想表达的&ldquo;这&rdquo;是指&ldquo;回忆朋友之间的美好经历&rdquo;，就是文章里的&ldquo;怀旧&rdquo;。我个人觉得这种指代应该不成问题，细心分析一下还是没有理解的难度的。只是文章中&ldquo;点&rdquo;得不到位，这在考场作文中是比较危险的。最后，也是最重要的一点，就是&ldquo;也&rdquo;字。既然是&ldquo;也&rdquo;，就暗含着&ldquo;比较&rdquo;，与那些一般的、常态的、公认的幸福比较。按作者的意思是&ldquo;朋友之间现实的交往是幸福的&rdquo;；但如果做不到，那退而求其次地&ldquo;回忆朋友之间曾经的美好经历&rdquo;&ldquo;也&rdquo;是一种幸福。从上面所述的道理上来说，虽然不见得&ldquo;出彩&rdquo;，应该也不成问题。只是似乎表达得不太到位<span lang="EN-US">(</span>太牵强或者不太明确<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，作为读者的我们比较难以看出这一层。出现这种情况，除了构思时考虑得不够到位外，还有可能是作者为了追求&ldquo;含蓄&rdquo;，追求&ldquo;诗意&rdquo;而影响到了表达的效果。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以上是总体的感觉，基于这些想法，做更详细的分段批语如下。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这也是一种幸福</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2012</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">届理科实验班 陈晓东</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">朋友长大了，变得成熟、稳重。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我也长大了，落得孤僻、自闭。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">于是乎，怀旧便顺理成章搭上了生活的舞台，慰以内心的寂寥。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①考场中，这种形式的开头是比较受欢迎的，因为看起来&ldquo;显得&rdquo;更有诗意。但是有时候在追求诗意形式的时候，表达却往往游离于主旨之外了。我不理解的是，&ldquo;朋友长大了，变得成熟、稳重&rdquo;这句话与全文有什么相关？因为后面没有再出现过与此有关的任何字句。难道只是为了与&ldquo;我的孤僻、自闭&rdquo;句式上的相对？巴尔扎克在谈到写小说时曾做过一个比喻。意思是如果在一开头进门的时候看到两杆猎qiang<span style="font-size: small"><span style="color: #000000">(这是个敏感关键词，只能这样处理，否则整篇文章出不来，抱歉！昨天晚上花了快一个小时来处理这事，还不得不删了两条留言，恶劣！)</span></span>，那么这两杆猎qiang以后一定还会再出现，一定有用。这我们曾讲过的。②除非没有东西写或者非常有把握，否则我不太提倡</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">把段落分得那么零碎。③</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">开头最好还是扣扣题吧。否则会让人摸不着头脑，一开始就会在心里&ldquo;认定&rdquo;文章要写的是&ldquo;怀旧&rdquo;。④有时候，&ldquo;诗意&rdquo;在于&ldquo;点到为止&rdquo;，把意思表达到七分就好，而不是表达得那么清楚。比如&ldquo;慰以内心的寂寥&rdquo;就完全可以删去。意思不会受影响，反而更有意味了。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">]</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">怀旧像盅陈年的老酒，开盖时候便情不自禁地为香气所吸引，以至于深深地陶醉其中。时常望的天花板发呆，记忆顺着友谊的脉络，导回往日美好的时光，启开绵绵岁月，这醇醇的怀念，虽是一份情，烙在心底，却成了永恒。只是很不甘心，眼看着身旁的一切在被无声地剥夺，自己却是无能为力。于是，不忍视睹；于是，开始怀旧；于是，转悲为喜。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①这段在全文最关键了。用&ldquo;起承转合&rdquo;来看，这段有&ldquo;承&rdquo;兼&ldquo;转&rdquo;的功能，处理得好全文会很顺，处理不好会让人摸不着头脑。②表达得有点儿乱，跳跃性也太大了些。我一直试图要去理清它的脉络，但理不出来。另外，有些语言表达似乎不太明确。比如&ldquo;这醇醇的怀念，虽是一份情，烙在心底，却成了永恒&rdquo;是什么意思？我想了半天，琢磨不出来。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">③写文章的时候一定要有&ldquo;读者意识&rdquo;，要站在读者的角度来考虑问题。作者自己心里很清楚的东西不见得就是读者心里也很清楚的，需要我们去把它说清楚。<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">想那日丽风和的春天，草长莺飞，年轻的心，总是不甘落后于生机盎然的春。牵着黄牛，踏随春的足迹，在树林里、在草丛中、或是在田野间，唱着那&ldquo;牧童骑黄牛&rdquo;的歌谣，阳光对着那稚嫩的脸蛋总是那么亲昵。小草儿绿得发亮，真想摇身一变，变成那活泼机灵的牛犊，尝遍这绿遍山原的春天的礼物。忽然，对边传来朋友的呼唤，该鸣金收兵喽，日落西山，袅袅炊烟。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：孤立来看的话，这段写得挺好的，问题是除了朋友的那声&ldquo;呼唤&rdquo;外，其余文字都是在写春天。但从全文来看春天似乎只能是背景，是&ldquo;我与朋友开展幸福友谊&rdquo;的背景，而不应成为主要的内容。<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">渴望夏的热烈，热烈中的静谧意欲捕鸣蝉，忽然闭口立。夏天的黄昏是柔和的，柔和得令人不禁引起对天空的遐想。家的对面就是太阳落山的地方，每当黄昏的时候，与朋友拿着背椅，坐在自家的门前看那红霞满天。谈天，谈那天上的十个太阳；谈那上古的夸父追日，渴死</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">旸</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">谷；谈那硕大的飞鸟穿越天涯的传奇&hellip;&hellip;小小的心，大大的世界。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：<span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">①</span>道理同上，但处理得比上一段好。②&ldquo;意欲捕鸣蝉，忽然闭口立&rdquo;是杜牧的诗，最好加上引号。<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">赏秋，这个金黄的世界，叶子落了，沉淀着对来年春天的梦。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">杮</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">子树上挂满了红灯笼，迎来了鸟儿的欢鸣，伸长长长的竹竿，够着了摇曳的枝头，在扑通的一顺间，朋友伸手接住了这骄弱的自然之子，接着，一个会心的微笑。稻田里满农家的黄金，把把金穗，笑弯了腰撑破了肚皮。坐在田埂上，望着田地里弯腰忙收割的农民，那里有我的父母，朋友的父母。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：<span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">①</span>道理同上，处理得比上一段不好。②&ldquo;伸长长长的竹竿&rdquo;表达感觉起来有些别扭。<span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">③</span>&ldquo;一顺间&rdquo;是&ldquo;一瞬间&rdquo;，错别字，扣1分！<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬天来了，没有北方银白的套装，而南方的冬天，自成一番情趣。寻找某处干草丛，撒上些许谷子，其上套个竹笼，树枝撑着，细绳引着。忽然，朋友大喊&ldquo;中了、中了！&rdquo;原来一只黑尾鹊正在笼里挣扎。一年中最热闹的莫属春节了，&ldquo;爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏，千门万户</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">曈曈</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">日，总把新桃换旧符&rdquo;，在爆竹声中，又开始酝酿着春天。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：<span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">①</span>道理同上。②&ldquo;树枝撑着，细绳引着&rdquo;看似工整，实则读来别扭。不如改为&ldquo;撑着树枝，系上细绳&rdquo;来得通顺。<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">好像过去的一切都美丽，跌倒时，有朋友；哭泣时，有朋友安慰；高兴时，有朋友分享。曾经以为，人生路上有了朋友，我的生命将更加美丽。而现在，朋友不在身边了，怀旧成了另一种美丽。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">①虽说有一句&ldquo;好象过去一切都美丽&rdquo;，但难以让人感觉得到，我们能感觉得到的更多是四季的不同的美或者是童年的欢乐。而看不到&ldquo;有跌倒&rdquo;、&ldquo;有哭泣&rdquo;。②&rdquo;怀旧成了另一种美丽&rdquo;是一句相当重要的扣题的句子。可是&ldquo;美丽&rdquo;是&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;吗？</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">]</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">朋友要走了，却还满心的牵挂。聚也不是开始，散也不是结束，曾经你握着我的手，把幸福送到我心中。既然已曾经拥有，请不要担心我会寂寞，怀旧将是我的好朋友。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">批语：</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">①有些句子还是有哲理味和诗意的。如&ldquo;聚也不是开始，散也不是结束&rdquo;和&ldquo;曾经你握着我的手，把幸福送到我心中&rdquo;。②好不容易，终于出现&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;了！但缺少前面的有效铺垫，这&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;来得太突然了。如果考场上已经写到这份上了，倒不如干脆点，直接把最后一句改成&ldquo;怀旧也是一种幸福&rdquo;。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">]</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">基于以上的这些考虑，我想试着修改一下文章。但很有难度：<span lang="EN-US">1</span>、&ldquo;在不同的季节里&rdquo;我和&ldquo;朋友&rdquo;的&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;之间的关系要处理好真不容易。<span lang="EN-US">2</span>、要从现实的幸福转到&ldquo;怀想过去的幸福也是一种幸福&rdquo;不容易。<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、要把童年的&ldquo;快乐生活&rdquo;当成&ldquo;幸福&rdquo;来写不容易，可能牵强了些。4、全文的语言表达风格要和谐也不太容易。原文的大方向、大格局已经定了，也只能做些小细节的处理了。我没有自信把它处理好，可能越改越糟糕，也只能是改个大致的方向而已，仅供参考。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这也是一种幸福</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">修改稿<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">曾经，我一直认定自己是个幸福的人，因为生命中有朋友。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">终有一天，朋友离去了，也无情地带走了我的幸福。于是乎，落得孤单、自闭；于是乎，怀旧便顺理成章搭上了生活的舞台&hellip;&hellip;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">想那日丽风和的春天，草长莺飞。年轻的朋友们，总是不甘落后于生机盎然的春。三三两两牵着黄牛，踏着春的足迹，在树林里、在草丛中、在田野间，唱着那&ldquo;牧童骑黄牛&rdquo;的歌谣。阳光对着那稚嫩的脸蛋总是那么亲昵，小草儿绿得发亮。真想摇身一变，变成那活泼机灵的牛犊，尝遍这绿遍山原的春天的幸福礼物。忽然，对面传来朋友的呼唤，该鸣金收兵喽，日落西山，袅袅炊烟。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">渴望夏的热烈，热烈中的静谧，&ldquo;意欲捕鸣蝉，忽然闭口立&rdquo;。夏天的黄昏是柔和的，柔和得令人不禁引起对天空的幸福遐想。家的对面就是太阳落山的地方，每当黄昏的时候，与朋友拿着背椅，坐在自家门前看那红霞满天。谈天，谈那天上的十个太阳；谈那上古的夸父追日，渴死旸谷；谈那硕大的飞鸟穿越天涯的传奇&hellip;&hellip;小小的心，大大的世界。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">赏秋，这个金黄的世界，叶子落了，沉淀着对来年春天的梦。杮子树上挂满了红灯笼，迎来了鸟儿的欢鸣，伸长长长的竹竿，够着了摇曳的枝头，在扑通的一瞬间，朋友伸手接住了这骄弱的自然之子。接着，一个会心的幸福微笑。稻田里满农家的黄金，把把金穗，笑弯了腰，撑破了肚皮。坐在田埂上，望着田地里弯腰忙收割的农民，那里有我的父母，朋友的父母。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬天来了，没有北方银白的套装，而南方的冬天，自成一番情趣。约上两个朋友，寻找某处干草丛，撒上些许谷子，套个竹笼，树枝撑着，细绳引着。忽然，朋友大喊&ldquo;中了、中了！&rdquo;原来一只黑尾鹊正在笼里挣扎。一年中最热闹的莫属春节了，&ldquo;爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏，千门万户曈曈日，总把新桃换旧符&rdquo;，在爆竹声中，又开始酝酿着来年的幸福。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">耳畔响起了周华健的歌：&ldquo;朋友一生一起走，那些日子不再有&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但仿佛一切都还在眼前，美丽依旧，幸福依旧。跌倒时，有朋友扶起；哭泣时，有朋友安慰；高兴时，有朋友分享。这醇醇的怀念，浓浓的幸福，烙在心底，成了永恒。于是，开始从怀旧里转悲为喜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">曾经，你握着我的手，把幸福送到我心中。今天，我心里珍藏着的依然是一种幸福。</span><span style="font-size: x-small"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">[全文882字]</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">再回头看看，发现自己把文章改得牵强了，粗鲁了，特别是主体部分和文章结尾部分的&ldquo;扣题&rdquo;太生硬了。但是如果这样可以增加点分数，也就顾不得这许多的文绉绉的所谓的文学了。</span></p>]]></description><category>学生作品</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/152.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=152</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=152&amp;key=0ae442d6</trackback:ping></item><item><title>《&amp;lt;人间词话&amp;gt;十则》教案及反思</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/149.html</link><pubDate>Fri, 06 May 2011 20:42:50 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/149.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family: 华文中宋; font-size: 16pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">《<span lang="EN-US">&lt;</span>人间词话<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>十则》教案及反思</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">国光中学<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span>黄新生</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="center">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;昔者庄周梦为蝴蝶，栩栩然蝴蝶也，自喻适志与！不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为蝴蝶与，蝴蝶之梦为周与？周与蝴蝶，则必有分矣。此之谓&lsquo;物化&rsquo;。&rdquo;（《庄子&middot;齐物论》）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 16pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 26.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">一、教学目标</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、理解王国维&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的内涵及其分析文学作品的方法，初步形成运用&ldquo;境界<span lang="EN-US">(</span>意境<span lang="EN-US">)</span>&rdquo;来分析古代诗文<span lang="EN-US">(</span>部分文学作品<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的能力。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: 幼圆" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、理解作家修养与生活、文学创作的关系；理解读者修养与作品解读之间的关系，增强提高个人修养重要意义的认识。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 26.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">二、教学重、难点：</span></b><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">领会&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;、&ldquo;入乎其内&rdquo;&ldquo;出乎其外&rdquo;的区别与联系。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 23.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 26.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">三、教学方法：</span></b><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">在启发基础上的讲授法</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 23.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 26.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">四、课时安排：</span></b><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">两课时</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 23.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 26.55pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">五、教学内容</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 23.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">一<span lang="EN-US">)</span>什么是&ldquo;境界&rdquo;。</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">［可选问题］⑴选文提出的中心概念是什么？⑵境界有什么作用？⑶从哪些角度来理解境界？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>什么是&ldquo;造境&rdquo;和&ldquo;写境&rdquo;</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">［可选问题］用自己的话比较简洁地描述什么是&ldquo;造境&rdquo;，什么是&ldquo;写境&rdquo;，并举例说明。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">三<span lang="EN-US">)</span>什么是&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;和&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">［可选问题］⑴结合作者所举之例，谈谈对&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;与&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;的理解。⑵按作者看来，两者之间的核心区别点在哪里？⑶理清<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、<span lang="EN-US">4</span>则论述&ldquo;有我之境&rdquo;与&ldquo;无我之境&rdquo;的层次。⑷作者对两者有何看法？你个人认为呢？⑸&ldquo;于静中得之&rdquo;与&ldquo;于由动之静时得之&rdquo;如何理解，有何区别？⑹能不能从所学过的诗文中选择一些片段或语句作为两者的例证。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">四<span lang="EN-US">)</span>理解作者修养与作品所蕴含境界的关系</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">［可选问题］⑴境界在哪里？在景物里？在作品里？在作者的心里？在读者的心里？⑵在作者看来，决定作品的境界是什么？从文中找出具体论述的句子。⑶王国维认为创作者应该具备哪些要素才能提升个人境界？⑷你同意作者关于&ldquo;东坡之词旷&rdquo;和&ldquo;稼轩之词豪&rdquo;的说法吗，请举例说明。⑸作者认为应该如何提升个人境界？方法是什么？⑹过程如何？如何理解&ldquo;入乎其内&rdquo;与&ldquo;出乎其外&rdquo;？这对于提升写作水平有什么启发？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">五<span lang="EN-US">)</span>总结全文<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">［可选问题］⑴总结几则选文的层次脉络？⑵学习了这篇文章，作为读者的我们，如何才能更好地把握作品的境界？⑶举例说明文中重要的说理方法。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">六、板书设计</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;<img alt="" align="absMiddle" width="520" height="176" src="/upload/2011/5/板书设计.jpg" /></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">七、作业</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">自选一篇学过的诗词或文章，从&ldquo;境界&rdquo;的角度写一篇赏析文章，字数不少于<span lang="EN-US">500</span>字。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">附《学生课外预习参考诗词选》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>此材料上课前印发给学生作预习的参考。上课时尽量要求学生从这里找出例证。<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">雨霖铃［柳永］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">寒蝉凄切，对长亭晚，骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪，留恋处、兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。念去去千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">多情自古伤离别，更那堪冷落清秋节。今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸晓风残月。此去经年，应是良辰美景虚设。便纵有千种风情，更与何人说！</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《鹿柴》［王维］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">空山不见人，但闻人语响。反景入深林，复照青苔上。 </span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">春望［杜甫 ］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">烽火连三月，家书抵万金。白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">江雪［柳宗元］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">归嵩山作［王维］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">清川带长薄，车马去闲闲。 流水如有意，暮禽相与还。 </span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">荒城临古渡，落日满秋山。迢递嵩高下，归来且闭关。 </span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《扬州慢&middot;淮左名都》［姜夔］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">淮左名都，竹西佳处，解鞍少驻初程。过春风十里，尽荠麦青青。自胡马窥江去后，废池乔木，犹厌言兵。渐黄昏、清角吹寒，都在空城。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">杜郎俊赏，算而今重到须惊。纵豆蔻词工，青楼梦好，难赋深情。二十四桥仍在，波心荡，冷月无声。念桥边红药，年年知为谁生。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《醉花阴》［李清照］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑消金兽。佳节又重阳，玉枕纱厨，半夜凉初透。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">东篱把酒黄昏后，有暗香盈袖。莫道不消魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《苏幕遮》［周邦彦］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">燎沉香，消溽暑。鸟雀呼晴，侵晓窥檐语。叶上初阳乾宿雨，水面清圆，一一风荷举。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">故乡遥，何曰去？家住吴门，久作长安旅。五月渔郎相忆否？小楫轻舟，梦入芙蓉浦。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《虞美人》<span lang="EN-US">[</span>李煜<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">春花秋月何时了？往事知多少。小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁？恰似一江春水向东流。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《天净沙&middot;秋思》<span lang="EN-US">[</span>马致远<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《面朝大海，春暖花开》［海子］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">从明天起</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">做一个幸福的人</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">喂马，劈柴，周游世界</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">从明天起，关心粮食和蔬菜</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我有一所房子</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">面朝大海，春暖花开</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《雨巷》［戴望舒］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">撑着油纸伞，独自</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">彷徨在悠长、悠长</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">又寂寥的雨巷</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我希望逢着</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一个丁香一样的</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">结着愁怨的姑娘</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《荷塘月色<span lang="EN-US">(</span>选段<span lang="EN-US">)</span>》［朱自清］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四周，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。没有月光的晚上，这路上阴森森的，有些怕人。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&hellip;&hellip;</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的&hellip;&hellip;</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&hellip;&hellip;</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">荷塘的四面，远远近近，高高低低都是树，而杨柳最多。这些树将一片荷塘重重围住；只在小路一旁，漏着几段空隙，像是特为月光留下的。树色一例是阴阴的，乍看像一团烟雾；但杨柳的丰姿，便在烟雾里也辨得出。树梢上隐隐约约的是一带远山，只有些大意罢了。树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是瞌睡人的眼。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《定风波》［苏轼］</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">料峭春风吹酒醒，微冷，山头斜照却相迎。回首向来萧瑟处，归去，也无风雨也无晴。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《破阵子&middot;为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》<span lang="EN-US">[</span>辛弃疾<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声。沙场秋点兵。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。了</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><st1:personname w:st="on" productid="却"><span style="font-size: small">却</span></st1:personname><span style="font-size: small">君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生！</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">八、反思</span></b><span style="font-family: 幼圆; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">对于语文的课堂教学，我一向是比较理想化的。即使在诸多听课老师面前把课上得毫无&ldquo;章法&rdquo;都在所不惜。我执著地相信：</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、除非对文章的理解有帮助，否则课堂上不必大谈作者生平及文章的相关背景。因为在知识如此开放的时代里，这些学生完全可以自己解决，不是我的任务。我应该把宝贵的课堂时间拿来讲我认为应该讲的东西。同理，我不会把每一篇文章里的生词一一挑出来讲解。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、读与写只是一体而两面的，不能把它割裂开来，或者说，必须把&ldquo;怎样读&rdquo;与&ldquo;怎样写&rdquo;结合起来，发挥&ldquo;读&rdquo;的最大效用。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、教学过程只是在教学最终目标统领下的诸多教学要素的有机组合，虽可以事先安排，但最终还是要根据课堂的实际进展情况随机调整。就有如写记叙文，可以正叙，也可以倒叙和插叙，他们并没有优劣之分，只在于实用和有效。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、教材中的任何&ldquo;选文&rdquo;都是一个活的有机整体，即使这种从一部书的不同地方摘录下来的不同语段也是如此。所以，我们完全可以深入研究，将它们结构在起，发挥整体的最大效用。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、有些课应该由具体而抽象，由微观而宏观，先抛事实再来概括；而有些课却必须由抽象而具体，由宏观而微观，先抛观点再来&ldquo;求证&rdquo;，绝不必强求一律。所以，并非所有的课都要有学生参与，要有所谓的&ldquo;互动&rdquo;，有些课就得由老师&ldquo;占着讲&rdquo;或者&ldquo;满堂灌&rdquo;。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、我不认为这种课有必使要用多媒体来展示所谓的诗词&ldquo;境界&rdquo;。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、以选文为媒介，抓住关键点，最大限度地让学生获取最多的信息，让学生&ldquo;有所得&rdquo;是任何一堂课的核心任务。至于其它的形式都在其次，即使遭受上课&ldquo;随意性&rdquo;的诟病也绝不后悔。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">8、本课似乎不大合乎于编者的意图。单元导读里说，&ldquo;王国维的意义还在于，他的学术研究在继承传统学术的基础上，又引入了西方的理论。《人间词话》就体现了不同的文学批评模式&rdquo;。而课后有则材料，标题是&ldquo;王国维是怎样将中西文学理论结合起来的&rdquo;，大概是说&ldquo;《人间词话》在形式上继承了传统的诗话、词话的特点，但在观点上又融会了现代学术的精神，例如他提到的理想与写实、主观与客观等，都是现代哲学的术语&rdquo;。如此云云。我看了半天，没看懂。因为我实在不明白，用了&ldquo;理想与写实&rdquo;、&ldquo;主观与客观&rdquo;等所谓的术语，就叫做&ldquo;观点上融会了现代学术的精神&rdquo;了。就有如，穿了件华丽外衣的宠物狗，永远也没办法变成人。当然我没有了解更多的有关王国维的内容，但就选文的部分来看，我看不出这种特点。所以，不理会它也罢。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">以上为设计的基本思路。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">几点想法与收获。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">其一，文章的结构是否可以调整。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">十则语段都是从原书不同位置筛选出来的，作为教材的选文，应遵循由浅入深，便于讲授，便于理解的原则。虽然，选文几则语段间大体照顾了内在的逻辑脉络，但在实际讲解的过程中发现，似乎还有可以改进的地方。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">这里最重要的是学生最熟悉的&ldquo;情&rdquo;与&ldquo;景&rdquo;的关系。而选文把它放在了中间(第5、6两则)，显得有些突兀。另外，最后四则的编排有些零乱，难以看出编排的意图，也不符合内在的逻辑结构。导致许多老师在上课的时候不知该如何处理这几则与全文的关系，不知如何处理这几则间的内在逻辑关系。如果调整一下，先说作者修养的内容&ldquo;人格真切&rdquo;和&ldquo;胸襟气度&rdquo;，再说修养的方法与过程，就会比较顺当。调整后的全文结构图如下：</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><img alt="" align="absMiddle" width="520" height="177" src="/upload/2011/5/板书设计1.jpg" /></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">当然，这是个人的看法，或许犯了大家们所谓的机械论之判断。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">其二，写好文章的关键在哪里。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">除了一些细节无法全部照顾到，实际上课过程基本按设计的思路进行。两节课过后学生似乎意犹未尽，所以增加了半节课。而这半节课的内容也是上课前未完全意料到的收获。</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">这个点就在&ldquo;于静中得之&rdquo;与&ldquo;于由动之静时得之&rdquo;的理解。我们写不好作文的一个很重要的关键可能就在这个地方。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">所谓的&ldquo;于静中得之&rdquo;意思是&ldquo;超越世俗，去除妄念，宁思息虑，离情绝欲，以散淡静谧的心境(甚至是无心)来看待外物&rdquo;。这时候心境与外物达到高度合一，&ldquo;青青翠竹，悉皆法身；郁郁黄花，无非般若&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;我即自然，自然即我，物我皆&ldquo;自然&rdquo;。道家或禅宗的诗大抵都是这种境界。常人之所以难能达到，主要源于我们的心&ldquo;妄念&rdquo;纷飞。</span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">但或许我们还可以退而求其次。我们的心无法达到&ldquo;去除妄念，宁思息虑，离情绝欲&rdquo;的相对&ldquo;静&rdquo;的状态，基本都处在&ldquo;妄念纷飞，为情所困&rdquo;的境地。但&ldquo;有情&rdquo;、&ldquo;为情所困&rdquo;也并非坏事，天下绝大多数的好文章都因&ldquo;情&rdquo;而起，甚至于&ldquo;为赋新辞强说愁&rdquo;。问题不在于我们&ldquo;为情所困&rdquo;，而在于为何我们虽&ldquo;有情&rdquo;却写不出文章来。&ldquo;于由动之静时得之&rdquo;告诉我们秘密之所在。这里的&ldquo;动&rdquo;的意思并非&ldquo;动作的动&rdquo;，而是&ldquo;心念的动&rdquo;，或者说是&ldquo;起心动念&rdquo;，它的意思是&ldquo;在强烈的情感的动态作用下，保持一种平静的心态去抒写&rdquo;。当情感发生的时候(心念的动)，我们往往为情所牵，沉浸在情感之中而无法自拔。而当情感过去了以后，我们也顺其自然，没有及时去&ldquo;观照&rdquo;，去&ldquo;体验&rdquo;。这一说法，正合于鲁迅在《记念刘和珍君》里所说的，&ldquo;长歌当哭，是必须在痛定之后的&rdquo;。&ldquo;痛&rdquo;是时常经历的，但&ldquo;定&rdquo;却不见得是我们时常去做的。由此，及时地&ldquo;反观自身的起心动念&rdquo;是必须的。用更通俗的话说就是&ldquo;不光用眼睛去看，用耳朵去听，还要用心去感受&rdquo;。个人认为，这或许是学好语文，写好文章的&ldquo;钥匙&rdquo;之所在。</span></p>]]></description><category>教案试题</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/149.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=149</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=149&amp;key=18012b95</trackback:ping></item><item><title>《高中语文情感教育效果测评研究》设计论证报告</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/148.html</link><pubDate>Tue, 01 Mar 2011 08:50:03 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/148.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1 国内外研究概况</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1.1 情感教育的重要意义</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">情感是一个人成长过程中必然伴随的重要内容，情感健全是现代人人格健全的重要标志。在新课程实验中，情感教育的重要意义及地位得到进一步的确认和强化。《基础教育课程改革纲要》要求各学科课程标准&ldquo;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt">应体现国家对不同阶段的学生在知识与技能</span>、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观等方面的基本要求&rdquo;便是有力的证明。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在所有学科中，语文是最集中对学生进行情感教育的学科。《普通高中语文课程标准》提出语文学科具有&ldquo;工具性&rdquo;和&ldquo;人文性&rdquo;的特点，&ldquo;人文性&rdquo;是语文学科的两大基本属性之一。&ldquo;人文性&rdquo;要注重受教育者心灵的陶冶及人格的塑造。&ldquo;人文性&rdquo;既有深刻的理性思考，又有深厚的情感魅力。在《标准》中，&ldquo;情感&rdquo;一词被提及<span lang="EN-US">12</span>次，如&ldquo;高中语文课程应关注学生情感的发展&rdquo;、&ldquo;了解人类丰富的社会生活和情感世界&rdquo;、&ldquo;重视对作品中形象和情感的整体感知与把握&rdquo;、&ldquo;形成健康美好的情感&rdquo;、&ldquo;有自己的情感体验和思考&rdquo;等等。可见，&ldquo;情感&rdquo;在语文学科中不仅是促进学习的手段，也是学习的内容和学习的目标，&ldquo;情感教育&rdquo;是语文学科必须主动承担的一项教育内容。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1.2 语文学科情感教育研究现状</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在历来的语文教学研究中，更多重视认知<span lang="EN-US">(</span>知识、技能<span lang="EN-US">)</span>领域的研究与实践。对情感领域虽然重视，但研究得不够深入。大多数研究者的大量研究都只局限在语文教学过程中情感教育的重要性和教学过程中情感渗透的方式、方法上，基本属于教学技术层面的研究。少数研究者则更深入一层，华东师大语文教育硕士研究生张翠爱在她的毕业论文中研究了人教版高中语文教材的&ldquo;情感目标构成&rdquo;，并对高中语文教材中的篇目所涉及的情感类型进行了逐一的梳理，为后来者提供了富于启发性的研究方向和宝贵的第一手资料。但目前国内研究者，特别是中学一线教师，仍较少涉及高中语文课堂教学过程中情感教育效果这一领域，更没有涉及对情感教育效果进行有效测量和评价手段的研究。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">情感教育是语文教学过程中绝大多数时间都必须面对的，但是我们却难以知道这种教育到底起到多少效果。在目前的语文教学中，普遍存在情感教育过程盲目性、随意性，情感教育效果模糊性、难检测的现象，从而造成语文教学过程中难以对情感教育内容进行修正和反馈性教学，影响到情感教育的效果。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1.3 情感教育效果测评的可行性</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">近年来对于情感测量的可行性及方法手段有诸多的研究，也有人从反面提出不同的意见，认为情感难以测量。从心理学上讲，情感领域是一种内部准备状态，它使某类行为成为可能，但不一定是实际行为的反应。也就是说，情感是一种内在的心理现象，这就造成测量的难度。另一方面，布卢姆依据情感理论，把情感领域的教育目标分为&ldquo;接受<span lang="EN-US">-</span>反应<span lang="EN-US">-</span>价值评价<span lang="EN-US">-</span>组织<span lang="EN-US">-</span>价值和价值体系的性格化&rdquo;一系列内化过程，认为情感领域是按照一种层次顺序组织构造来的，是一个情感连续体。这个情感连续体包括&ldquo;情感的认知因素&rdquo;、&ldquo;真实的情感因素&rdquo;和&ldquo;情感的行为倾向因素&rdquo;。而这三个种构成要素并非是完全协调一致，尤其是认知因素与行为倾向因素之间的相关性比较低，容易出现人们内在的认识与外部的行为不相一致的情况，即&ldquo;心口不一&rdquo;的现象。而在教育考试尤其是纸笔考试中，对情感领域目标的考查往往仅限于对其中认知因素的考查，无法做到对情感领域目标的全面考查。一些考查的试题也只能测量学生&ldquo;情感领域方面的认知能力&rdquo;，而不能真实地推断学生的&ldquo;真实的情感因素&rdquo;。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">尽管如此，情感测量仍有其可行性和尝试价值。李吉会在《如何评价情感、态度和价值观》一文从评价范围、评价指标体系、评价工具和评价实施办法等方面作出论述。戴忠恒在《情感目标的分类及其测量方法》一文提出&ldquo;自陈法&rdquo;等九种测量方法。汪艳波在《新课程理念下的语文情感教育评价》一文中提出&ldquo;轶事记录法&rdquo;、&ldquo;问卷法&rdquo;和&ldquo;利克特量表&rdquo;等测量办法。李秀伟在《唤醒情感&mdash;&mdash;情境体验教学研究》一书中提出了包括&ldquo;自主参与调查&rdquo;&rdquo;、&ldquo;伴随教育改进的测量&rdquo;、&ldquo;即时性评价&rdquo;和&ldquo;基于观察的评价&rdquo;等为主要内容的&ldquo;多元操作的情境体验教学评价&rdquo;。周家骥、卢家楣等提出在&ldquo;三维度四层次课堂教学的情感目标分类&rdquo;的基础上，采用&ldquo;情绪形容词检表方法&rdquo;和&ldquo;课堂教学的情感目标测评问卷&rdquo;等形式，测量由课堂教学引发的学生情绪状态或情感体验，评价该课堂教学在朝向情感目标上的促进效果。综合以上实践、研究成果，并结合高中语文教学实际，对语文教学中的情感教育效果进行一定程度上的测评有其可行性。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium">&nbsp;</span></o:p></span></span></p><p><p>&nbsp;</p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2.1 理论意义</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">通过编制高中语文情感教育效果测量量表和评价调查表，奠定了对情感教育效果进行实证研究的基础。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2.2 实际意义</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(1)通过研究，制定有效的语文情感教育效果测评工具，并指导学生语文能力的检测。</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(2)为高中语文教学中的情感教育提供更为直接的理论依据，并指导语文情感教育实践。</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium">&nbsp;</span></o:p></span></span></p><p><p>&nbsp;</p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3.1 主要研究目标</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">编制一套适用于高中语文教师课堂情感教育效果反馈的测量、评价系统。</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3.2 主要研究内容</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(1)结合布卢姆的教学目标分类学中有关情感领域的理论，并引入卢家楣教学领域&ldquo;三维度四层次的情感目标分类体系&rdquo;，结合高中语文课标、教材，梳理语文学科情感教育的内容目标和层次等级目标。并根据重新整合的高中语文情感教育目标，研究高中语文情感测评的途径及方式，重点在测量表、评价表或问卷的编制。</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(2)整群选取本校三个年级学生各<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个班，共<span lang="EN-US">12</span>个班，<span lang="EN-US">600</span>人左右。选取班级时兼顾不同的教师的教学特点。以随机抽样的方式对不同年级、不同班级分别进行情感教育效果、现状进行测量，以验证评价表的信度、效度。具体包括：①同一篇课文课堂教学前后的情感<span lang="EN-US">(</span>情绪<span lang="EN-US">)</span>测评，②单元整体教学前后的情感表现测评，③不同年级情感教育效果测评，④不同教学模式前后的情感测评等。</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3.3 研究的关键点和创新点</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(1)厘清并确定高中语文情感教育的目标框架体系，并以此为标准编制测评工具是研究的关键点。</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(2)创新点：国内首次进行高中语文情感教育效果测量、评价研究。</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium">&nbsp;</span></o:p></span></span></p><p><p>&nbsp;</p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4.1著作方面</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[1]布卢姆等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>教育目标分类学<span lang="EN-US">(</span>第二分册：情感领域<span lang="EN-US">).</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海：华东师范大学出版社<span lang="EN-US">.1989.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[2](美<span lang="EN-US">)</span>安德森等编著<span lang="EN-US">,</span>蒋小平等译<span lang="EN-US">.</span>布卢姆教育目标分类学：分类学视野下的学与教及其测评<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>北京<span lang="EN-US">:</span>外语教学与研究出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2009.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[3]卢家楣<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感教学心理学<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海：上海教育出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2000.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[4]卢家楣<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感教学心理学原理的实践应用<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海：上海教育出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2002.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[5]卢家楣<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感教学模式的理论与实证研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海：上海人民出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2008.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[6]朱小蔓<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感教育论纲<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>北京：人民出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2008.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[7]刘晓伟<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感教育<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海：华东师范大学出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2007.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[8]孔维民<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感心理学新论<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>沈阳：吉林人民出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2002.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[9]鱼霞编<span lang="EN-US">.</span>基础教育新概念<span lang="EN-US">:</span>情感教育<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>北京<span lang="EN-US">:</span>教育科学出版社<span lang="EN-US">.1999.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[10]丁峻<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感演化论<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>北京：科学出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2010.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[11]戴海崎等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理与教育测量<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>广州：暨南大学出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2007.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[12]郑日晶<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理统计与测量<span lang="EN-US">.</span>第一版<span lang="EN-US">.</span>北京：人民教育出版社<span lang="EN-US">.2008.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4.2论文方面</span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[13]杨岚<span lang="EN-US">.</span>中国情感教育现状分析及对策研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>中国教育与社会科学<span lang="EN-US">.2009.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[14]于蓉等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>对情感态度价值观可测量性的商榷<span lang="EN-US">.</span>中学地理教学参考<span lang="EN-US">.2009.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[15]张翠爱<span lang="EN-US">.</span>新编高中语文教材<span lang="EN-US">(</span>人教版<span lang="EN-US">)</span>情感目标构成研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>硕士论文<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海：华东师范大学<span lang="EN-US">.2002.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[16]付秀琴<span lang="EN-US">.</span>谈高中语文情感教育目标的研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>硕士论文<span lang="EN-US">.</span>呼和浩特<span lang="EN-US">:</span>内蒙古师范大学<span lang="EN-US">.2004.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[17]戴威萍<span lang="EN-US">.</span>语文课堂教学设计中的情感目标研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>硕士论文<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海<span lang="EN-US">:</span>华东师范大学<span lang="EN-US">.2007.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[18]贺丛蕾<span lang="EN-US">.</span>对中学语文教学情感目标评价体系建构的探索<span lang="EN-US">.</span>硕士论文<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上海<span lang="EN-US">:</span>华东师范大学<span lang="EN-US">.2003.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[19]李吉会<span lang="EN-US">.</span>如何评价情感、态度和价值观<span lang="EN-US">.</span>教育科学研究<span lang="EN-US">.2002.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[20]戴忠恒<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感目标的分类及其测量方法<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理科学<span lang="EN-US">.1992.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[21]汪艳波<span lang="EN-US">.</span>新课程理念下的语文情感教育评价<span lang="EN-US">.</span>淮阳职业技术学院学报<span lang="EN-US">.2006.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[22]周家骥等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>情感目标和评价的研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理科学<span lang="EN-US">.2002.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[23]卢家楣<span lang="EN-US">.</span>教学领域情感目标的形成性评价研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>教育研究<span lang="EN-US">.2007.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[24]卢家楣等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>课堂教学情感目标测评<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理科学<span lang="EN-US">.2007.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[25]钟杰等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>中文情绪形容词检测表的编制与信效度研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>中国临床心理学杂志<span lang="EN-US">.2005.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[26]卢家楣等<span lang="EN-US">. </span>我国当代青少年情感素质现状调查<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理学报<span lang="EN-US">.2009.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[27]贺雯等<span lang="EN-US">.</span>中国当代青少年审美情感现状调查研究<span lang="EN-US">.</span>心理科学<span lang="EN-US">.2010.</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4 本研究目前收集的参考文献：</span></span></p></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3 本项目的主要研究内容、研究目标及关键问题和创新点</span></span></p></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2 本研究的理论意义和实际意义</span></span></p>]]></description><category>语文杂谈</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/148.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=148</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=148&amp;key=3d6441e2</trackback:ping></item><item><title>致海内外校友的一封信</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/147.html</link><pubDate>Mon, 17 Jan 2011 12:06:07 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/147.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">亲爱的海内外校友：</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">当读到这封信的时候，您拥有的是成功的事业，温馨的家庭，美好的人生&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">但是，大自然给了我们同一片天空，生活却给了我们不同的境遇。在母校就有这样一些学弟学妹。他们有的失去了父母双亲；有的生活在单亲家庭；还有的虽然有父有母，却因残疾或伤病，失去了劳动的能力。他们小小年纪就要分担家庭的重任：有的孩子一个星期的生活费只有十来块钱，饿了只能多喝点水；有的孩子只吃馒头和咸菜，连青菜都不舍得吃；还有的孩子最想吃的零食就是苹果&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">对他们而言，能改变命运的唯一途径是读书、上大学。但他们中的很多人却因交不起学费，只能含泪望着校门，黯然离去，去承担那个苦难家庭留给的重担，去重复上一代人留给的悲伤&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">人同此心，心同此理。这些学弟学妹的不幸遭遇肯定会引起您的无比的怜惜、同情，让您感动，让您流泪！如果我们能给他们那怕是一丁点儿的帮助、关爱，就会让他们的生活充满阳光，就有可能改变他们一生的命运！</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">或许一个人的能力是有限的，但聚沙成塔、集腋成裘，涓涓细流，可以汇成江河。大家爱心汇集在一起，圆的是贫困学子的人生梦想，传递的却是社会大家庭的温暖！</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">母校在真情呼唤，贫困学子在热切期盼！</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 27pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">扶助贫困，爱心无限，距离虽远，心灵相牵&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 24pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 22pt; text-indent: 216pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 16.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">学校&ldquo;爱心助学工程&rdquo;委员会</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left; line-height: 160%; text-indent: 256.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 19.0" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" month="1" year="2011"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋" lang="EN-US">2011</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 华文中宋">年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>]]></description><category>学校管理</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/147.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=147</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=147&amp;key=40f7a852</trackback:ping></item><item><title>《祝福》文本细读(三)：卫老婆子</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/143.html</link><pubDate>Sat, 01 May 2010 14:17:45 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/143.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">关键词句：</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">喝得醉醺醺的，阿呀阿呀&hellip;&hellip;，显出慈悲的模样，絮絮的说，仿佛卸了一肩重担似的嘘一口气<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">在《祝福》中卫老婆子是个线索级的人物。她穿梭于卫家山、贺家墺和鲁镇，把祥林嫂丧夫后初到鲁镇，被劫后被迫改嫁，再次丧夫、丧子，再到鲁镇直至惨死的悲剧一生串连了起来。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;中人&rdquo;是怎样一种人</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">卫老婆子是个&ldquo;中人&rdquo;。这种人的工作是寻找两方或多方需求，并从中牵线搭桥，最大限度地满足各方的需要，并为自己谋取利益。这种牵线搭桥往好听的说是沟通，往不好听的说是撮合。但古往今来，因为人心不同，往往是撮合的多而沟通的少。为了撮合就得使尽浑身解数，从内到外地吸引别人的眼球。所以，说到这类人就容易让我们想起影视剧中那些涂脂抹粉、斜吊着眼光的花枝招展的老媒婆。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">既然要撮合，就得有相当的撮合技能。既要全面收集各种的信息，做好情报工作；还要善于把握不同的心理，准确知道各方的需要；最重要的是要有相当的表演能力和&ldquo;把稻草说成金条&rdquo;的口才。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">社会信息的传播者</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">卫老婆子对各种需求信息是了如指掌。四叔家要换女工，她马上就带来了祥林嫂。祥林嫂再次无路可走的时候，她再一次把祥林嫂带到的鲁四老爷家。这本是不合常理的，因为在大家的眼里祥林嫂是&ldquo;扫帚星&rdquo;，更何况四叔家是&ldquo;读书人家&rdquo;，一般不会轻易接收这种人。但卫老婆子还是把她带来了，因为她肯定知道四婶对后来再雇的女工不满意，并且希望她再来。何况这一次是四婶家&ldquo;凑巧要换人&rdquo;。另外，祥林嫂在鲁镇以外的所有不为人所知的故事都是由来卫老婆子讲述的，甚至包括一些不为人知的细节她都一清二楚。如祥林嫂改嫁，&ldquo;两个男人和小叔子使劲擒&rdquo;、&ldquo;用了两把香灰，包上两块红布&rdquo;等等。如果不是很用心去了解、收集一般不会知道得这么详细。另外，搞情报工作得有广泛的社会关系，文中有意点明她&ldquo;喝得醉醺醺&rdquo;正说明她善于用各种手段去搞各种关系以获得各种信息。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">口才与人心</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">在广泛收集信息以后就可以更准确把握心理，知道各方的需要。准确把握人们的心理和需求，也就容易练就一幅好口才，或者说好的口才是建立在准确把握人心的基础上的。在与祥林嫂的婆婆合伙把她劫走以后，她深知肯定得罪了鲁四老爷一家。为了缓解他们的不满情绪，她立即又出现在鲁家。这一次，她充分地发挥了她的三寸不烂之舌，为自己化解了一场危机。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">午饭之后，卫老婆子又来了。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">&ldquo;可恶！&rdquo;四叔说。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">&ldquo;你是什么意思？亏你还会再来见我们。&rdquo;四婶洗着碗，一见面就愤愤的说，&ldquo;你自己荐她来，又合伙劫她去，闹得沸反盈天的，大家看了成个什么样子？你拿我们家里开玩笑么？&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">&ldquo;阿呀阿呀，我真上当。我这回，就是为此特地来说说清楚的。她来求我荐地方，我那里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。对不起，四老爷，四太太。总是我老发昏不小心，对不起主顾。幸而府上是向来宽洪大量，不肯和小人计较的。这回我一定荐一个好的来折罪&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">&ldquo;然而&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;四叔说。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">四叔是真生气了，见到卫老婆子后立马抛出一句&ldquo;可恶！&rdquo;，并由四婶指出问题的核心&ldquo;大家看了成个什么样子？你拿我们家开玩笑么？&rdquo;显然，四叔并不在乎&ldquo;劫&rdquo;的事实，更在乎于自己家的地位和面子。可是，卫老婆子却轻易地化解了。她说的话，每一句都有用意，请看：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;阿呀阿呀&rdquo;看似无关紧要，其实它往往可以拉近与人的距离，有效化解紧张气氛。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;我真上当&rdquo;：上不上当倒不一定，但非得这么一说，既为自己开脱，也把自己拉到和鲁家一样的受害者的地位上，缓解了对立感。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;我这回，就是为此特地来说说清楚的&rdquo;：说明自己已经意识到严重性了，也很重视这种严重性，所以&ldquo;特地&rdquo;来。一般情况下，如果犯错的一方自己意识到错误的严重性，就更容易得到谅解。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;我荐她来，哪里料得到是瞒着婆婆的呢&rdquo;一句再次为自己找说词，具体解说是如何上当的。&ldquo;哪里料得到&rdquo;是她自己说的，作为我们这些旁观者就不一定要相信了，作为一个资深的中人，她哪能料不到。当然，有说跟没说大不一样。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;对不起，四老爷，四太太&rdquo;：正式道歉是必不可少的，更何况这么甜甜地叫了两声，恁谁也受用。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;总是我老发昏不小心，对不起主顾&rdquo;：把罪责降到最低，是&ldquo;不小心&rdquo;不是故意的，并把这被降格了的罪责揽到自己身上，极力地贬低自己以抬高对方。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;幸而府上是向来宽洪大量，不肯和小人计较的&rdquo;：&ldquo;大人不计小人过&rdquo;，如果计较了便不&ldquo;宽洪大量&rdquo;了。人同此心，四老爷四太太应该不难听出其中的玄机。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;这回我一定荐一个好的来折罪&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;：把折罪的希望寄托在将来，说明自己还是有用的，以求对眼下罪过的宽恕。只要眼前的难题解决了，将来总还有将来的应对办法，但是将来充满了不确定的因素，有可能有，也有可能没有。事实证明，后来她再也没有荐过一个好的，先是大抵&ldquo;非懒即馋，或者馋而且懒&rdquo;的，再后来就是精神大不济的、四婶大为后悔收留的祥林嫂。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">经过这么一番&ldquo;动之以情，晓之以理，诱之以利&rdquo;的美妙说辞后，铁石心肠如四叔的人也被溶化了，他马上把矛头转了一个方向：&ldquo;然而&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">卫老婆子准确地把握了人物的心理，用自己的三寸不烂之舌成功化解了一场危机。当然，这种才能不光可以用于自卫，也可以用于进攻，特别是手里的货是假冒伪劣产品的时候。第二次带祥林嫂到四叔家的时候，她再一次粉墨登场。这次她要推销的产品祥林嫂已经今非昔比，是个曾经被劫走的、剋夫剋子的&ldquo;扫帚星&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">首先，她展示了自己的表演才能&mdash;&mdash;&ldquo;显出慈悲的模样&rdquo;。这一招的目的是攻心，通过自己慈悲的模样去调动四婶的同情感，去软化她的心。当然，她肯定对四婶这个老主顾的心理有充分的了解，知道她有被攻心的可能。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">另外，在做生意的时候慈悲是解决不了任何问题的。在显出慈悲以后，她便镇定了下来，理清头绪，&ldquo;絮絮地&rdquo;叙述起祥林嫂的故事。&ldquo;絮絮地说&rdquo;就是&ldquo;不带感情，有条理地说&rdquo;，这样说容易突出重点，吸引人心。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">有了一幅慈悲的模样，加上&ldquo;絮絮&rdquo;地说了祥林嫂的悲惨事实，为再次收留祥林嫂营造了一个很好的氛围。当然这还不够，所以她趁热打铁加上关键的几句话。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">好在她现在已经再没有什么牵挂，太太家里又凑巧要换人，所以我就领她来。&mdash;&mdash;我想，熟门熟路，比生手实在好得多&hellip;&hellip;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;没有什么牵挂&rdquo;是要打消四婶的顾虑，这次跟上次不同，不会再跑了，对于主顾来说佣工的稳定性不能不说是一个诱惑。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;凑巧要换人&rdquo;，佣工再好都没用，关键是需要，这一句再次提醒犹豫不决的四婶。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;熟门熟路，比生手实在好得多&rdquo;：哪个顾主不喜欢熟门熟路的佣工，有比较才有优劣，这种比较很容易地让四婶想起那些&ldquo;非懒即馋，或者馋而且懒的&rdquo;痛苦经验。所以，即使有伦理上的障碍也在所不惜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">果然，有了这些说辞，加上精心策划、编排的祥林嫂自己那段伤痛的故事。有些&ldquo;踌躇&rdquo;的祥林嫂&ldquo;眼圈就有些红&rdquo;了。祥林嫂就这样再一次留了下来，卫老婆子也就&ldquo;卸了一肩重相似的嘘一口气&rdquo;，一笔生意终于又做成了。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">人心千古事</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">有了以上的这些行为，我们往往就把卫老婆子定格在一个利欲熏心、毫无人情味、虚伪狡黠的形象上了。但是，我还是有话要说的。最重要的一个问题是，卫老婆子参与谋害祥林嫂了吗？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">一般的论者往往先给自己套上礼教杀人的观念，然后以祥林嫂被礼教残杀为中心来分析问题。所以，只要祥林嫂死了就是所有的人都参与了谋害的行动。但是，如果我们摈弃先入为主，站在价值中立的角度看，卫老婆子没有一个行为是对祥林嫂有害的。她初次介绍祥林嫂到鲁镇，让祥林嫂在三个半月的时间里，&ldquo;口角边渐渐的有了笑影，脸上也白胖了&rdquo;。可见她为祥林嫂推荐的雇主还是好雇主，包吃包住又不会克扣工钱。接着，她虽然与婆婆一起把祥林嫂劫走，让祥林嫂被卖改嫁。可是接下来的几年可能是祥林嫂作为一个女人一生最为幸福的的时刻&mdash;&mdash;&ldquo;母亲也胖，儿子也胖；上头又没有婆婆，男人所有的是力气，会做活；房子是自家的&rdquo;，按卫老婆子的说法是&ldquo;交了好运了&rdquo;。紧接着贺老六意外死去，儿子被狼叼走，房子被大伯收了，祥林嫂这次是真的走投无路了。在这种情况下，还是卫老婆子出手相救，用她的三寸不烂之舌说服四婶再次收留了她，让她有了一个活下去的希望。还有最后一次，&ldquo;她是从四叔家出去就成了乞丐的呢，还是先到卫老婆子家然后再成乞丐的呢？&rdquo;作者没有明说，只是隐约点明有可能是先被四叔辞退到中介所，然后再由中介所沦为乞丐。即使是先到卫老婆子家再沦为乞丐，我们也没有理由把罪责归到她身上。我们要知道，卫老婆子开的是中介所，不是流民收容所。有了这些，我们还认为卫老婆子害了祥林嫂吗？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">在整个过程中，卫老婆子最大的出发点是考虑如何牟利。但是我们却也看不出她在牟利的过程中有任何违法乱纪的行为。她不违反法律为自己谋取利益难道不行吗？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">既然如此，作者为什么把卫老婆子写得这样可厌，为什么我们也觉得卫老婆子是个让人生厌的人。其间似乎可以折射出社会人心的某种现象。&ldquo;人为财死，鸟为食亡&rdquo;、&ldquo;人不为己，天诛地灭&rdquo;把千古人心概括净尽，卫老婆子只是其中之一。只是人心还有另一个可怕的现象：即使追求利益，也得穿一件漂亮的外衣。如果你赤裸裸不加掩饰地追求利益就会让人生厌。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">不要说&ldquo;婆婆&rdquo;、&ldquo;大伯&rdquo;、&ldquo;庙祝&rdquo;，单看四叔一家就可以知道了。四叔们似乎是知书达礼的读书人家，似乎内心充满着种种礼教的法则，可是当&ldquo;伦理&rdquo;与&ldquo;利益&rdquo;冲突的时候，&ldquo;伦理&rdquo;往往是要做出让步的。祥林嫂初到鲁镇，四叔&ldquo;皱了皱眉&rdquo;，他内心的伦理观起了作用，讨厌她是个寡妇。可是四婶看她&ldquo;手脚都壮大，又只是顺着眼，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人&rdquo;，就把她留了下来。在四婶的心里更重要的是从雇佣工人&ldquo;耐劳、顺从&rdquo;的利益角度出发的，四叔当然也知道这一点，所以并没有反对。第二次到鲁镇时，四叔&ldquo;照例皱过眉，但鉴于向来雇用女工之难，也就并不大反对&rdquo;，还是出于利益的考虑。&ldquo;皱眉&rdquo;只是一件漂亮的外衣，不皱眉对不起内心的伦理法则，不收留祥林嫂对不起自己的利益法则。最终当然还是利益占了上风，只不过得在获取利益的时候披上一件漂亮的伦理外衣罢了。当无利可图的时候，祥林嫂自然也就被辞退，沦为乞丐。不管是从鲁家直接沦为乞丐，还是先到卫老婆子家再沦为乞丐，都是被鲁家扫地出门的。相比之下，卫老婆子只是更为直接地关注利益，攫取利益，没有那么多的漂亮华美的外衣罢了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">可见，伦理不可怕；利益，才是横亘在千古人心里的一道过去的坎。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>]]></description><category>教学日志</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/143.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=143</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=143&amp;key=e6b31c90</trackback:ping></item><item><title>《祝福》文本细读(二)：社会众生相</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/142.html</link><pubDate>Wed, 28 Apr 2010 10:45:30 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/142.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">在第二任丈夫贺老六意外死去，儿子阿毛被狼叼走，房屋也被大伯收走后，祥林嫂再次来到鲁镇。这次她是&ldquo;光身&rdquo;，没有什么牵挂了。仅管如此，她在鲁镇的境遇却大不如前&hellip;&hellip;</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">作者通过几个层次来写这种境遇：<span lang="EN-US">66-69</span>段写再一次的不幸遭遇及被收留的过程；<span lang="EN-US">70-76</span>段写鲁四老爷一家对她的态度变化，重点写&ldquo;祭祀的时候不准她沾手&rdquo;；<span lang="EN-US">77-87</span>段写镇上人们对她的态度变化，这是面上的描写，刻画了社会的众生相；<span lang="EN-US">88-101</span>段写柳妈及其无中生有的&ldquo;阴司学说&rdquo;并引出&ldquo;捐门槛&rdquo;一事；<span lang="EN-US">102-111</span>段写捐门槛及捐门槛后仍无法洗清罪名，祥林嫂彻底绝望。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">这里重点说说镇上人们对她的态度变化，每次读到这个地方心里总是泛起层层的悲凉感。原文是这样的：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">镇上的人们也仍然叫她祥林嫂，但音调和先前很不同；也还和她讲话，但笑容却冷冷的了。她全不理会那些事，只是直着眼睛，和大家讲她自己日夜不忘的故事：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">&ldquo;我真傻，真的，&rdquo;她说，&ldquo;我单知道雪天是野兽在深山里没有食吃，会到村里来；我不知道春天也会有。我一大早起来就开了门，拿小篮盛了一篮豆，叫我们的阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆去。他是很听话的孩子，我的话句句听；他就出去了。我就在屋后劈柴，淘米，米下了锅，打算蒸豆。我叫，&lsquo;阿毛！&rsquo;没有应。出去一看，只见豆撒得满地，没有我们的阿毛了。各处去一向，都没有。我急了，央人去寻去。直到下半天，几个人寻到山坳里，看见刺柴上挂着一只他的小鞋。大家都说，完了，怕是遭了狼了；再进去；果然，他躺在草窠里，肚里的五脏已经都给吃空了，可怜他手里还紧紧的捏着那只小篮呢。&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;她于是淌下眼泪来，声音也呜咽了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">这故事倒颇有效，男人听到这里，往往敛起笑容，没趣的走了开去；女人们却不独宽恕了她似的，脸上立刻改换了鄙薄的神气，还要陪出许多眼泪来。有些老女人没有在街头听到她的话，便特意寻来，要听她这一段悲惨的故事。直到她说到呜咽，她们也就一齐流下那停在眼角上的眼泪，叹息一番，满足的去了，一面还纷纷的评论着。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">她就只是反复的向人说她悲惨的故事，常常引住了三五个人来听她。但不久，大家也都听得纯熟了，便是最慈悲的念佛的老太太们，眼里也再不见有一点泪的痕迹。后来全镇的人们几乎都能背诵她的话，一听到就烦厌得头痛。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">&ldquo;我真傻，真的，&rdquo;她开首说。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">&ldquo;是的，你是单知道雪天野兽在深山里没有食吃，才会到村里来的。&rdquo;他们立即打断她的话，走开去了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">她张着口怔怔的站着，直着眼睛看他们，接着也就走了，似乎自己也觉得没趣。但她还妄想，希图从别的事，如小篮，豆，别人的孩子上，引出她的阿毛的故事来。倘一看见两三岁的小孩子，她就说：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">&ldquo;唉唉，我们的阿毛如果还在，也就有这么大了&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">孩子看见她的眼光就吃惊，牵着母亲的衣襟催她走。于是又只剩下她一个，终于没趣的也走了，后来大家又都知道了她的脾气，只要有孩子在眼前，便似笑非笑的先问她，道：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">&ldquo;祥林嫂，你们的阿毛如果还在，不是也就有这么大了么？&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 幼圆"><font size="3">她未必知道她的悲哀经大家咀嚼赏鉴了许多天，早已成为渣滓，只值得烦厌和唾弃；但从人们的笑影上，也仿佛觉得这又冷又尖，自己再没有开口的必要了。她单是一瞥他们，并不回答一句话。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">、永远地祥林嫂。作者不厌其烦地提到人们对祥林嫂的称呼，还加了&ldquo;仍然&rdquo;一词加以强调，这恐怕不是无意为之的。祥林嫂本没有名字，是因为嫁给了祥林才有了&ldquo;祥林嫂&rdquo;之称。这本身就是不正常的，是人总得有个名字，可她没有，因为她是女人。女人因为依附于男人才有了存在的意义，名字是一个体现。可是后来她又嫁给了贺老六，按理应改称&ldquo;老六嫂&rdquo;，至少也得是&ldquo;祥林</span><span style="font-family: &quot;MS Mincho&quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Adobe 仿宋 Std R'">▪</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 幼圆">老六嫂&rdquo;，可是没有人因为她的改嫁，因为她的&ldquo;光身&rdquo;而对她的称呼有过任何的疑问。&ldquo;大家仍然叫她祥林嫂&rdquo;，一切自然而然，顺理成章。这就是集体无意识，&ldquo;从一而终&rdquo;、&ldquo;好女不事二夫&rdquo;的观念深入人心。在所有人的眼里，第一任丈夫永远有无可置疑的合法性</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">、冷冷的笑。尽管祥林嫂还是那个祥林嫂，但被卖改嫁、再次丧夫、丧子后第二次到鲁镇的时候，这里的世界已经改变。对她的笑变得很狰狞，尽管只是冷冷的，却如刀枪剑戟。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">、阿毛的故事。我们可以试着站在一个母亲的立场上来读阿毛的故事，这样或许能更深体会到祥林嫂的内心。其实，阿毛的故事很简单，没有太多的情节和悬念，但每一次读来都让我们揪心。这可能得益于作者的叙述技巧，也就是一步一步地制造紧张感。作者先写&ldquo;叫阿毛没有应&rdquo;，这是紧张感的第一步；然后是&ldquo;豆子撒了一地&rdquo;，紧张感又陡然上升；然后是&ldquo;刺柴上挂着小鞋&rdquo;，最后才是&ldquo;五脏被吃空地躺在草窠里&rdquo;，顺带还加了&ldquo;小手捏着小篮&rdquo;这个细节。体会一下吧，他是才三四岁的、很听话的、&ldquo;我们的&rdquo;阿毛；再想想吧，作为母亲的祥林嫂内心会是怎样的一种情形。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">、</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 幼圆">中国人、中国男人、中国女人、中国老女人、中国农村老女人</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">祥林嫂以寡妇的身份再嫁并非自愿，是被前任婆婆所卖；所谓的&ldquo;剋夫剋子&rdquo;更是莫须有的，没有任何依据。可是没有人愿意去追究、思考这些说法的合理性，他们只愿意简单地相信鲁四老爷这些所谓的读书人&mdash;&mdash;在农村占据着经济和知识<span lang="EN-US">(</span>伦理<span lang="EN-US">)</span>地位的四叔的&ldquo;皱眉&rdquo;和&ldquo;且走且高声说&rdquo;等言行对于众人具有导向性的意义。这就是中国人。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">在中国人这一共同特征下，不同性别和年龄的人还会有一些细微的区别。男人没趣地走开恐怕不是严守男女之大防，而是怕沾上这种不干不净的邪气。在一个男权的社会里，不是很老的女人们总是希望在其它女人面前占据更多的心理优势。祥林嫂这个丧夫、改嫁、再次丧夫又丧子而无依无靠的不幸女人显然给了她们一个好机会，她们很快能她身上获得巨大的心理优势。有了这种巨大的心理优势，自然可以&ldquo;宽恕&rdquo;，自然可以&ldquo;鄙薄&rdquo;，眼泪当然也是在所不惜的了。有一天，当识面见多了以后，女人自然也就成了老女人。这时寻找心理优势已经不再成为必需，可是却早也已谙熟并竭力找寻这种可供消遣的别的女人的不幸故事，拿它们来当生活的调味剂，顺带也展示自己的见识<span lang="EN-US">(</span>柳妈的阴司演说<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，鉴赏自己的表演<span lang="EN-US">(</span>流下那停在眼角的眼泪<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，并从中得满足<span lang="EN-US">(</span>自我崇高化<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，同时又在叹息、评论中，使自己的不幸与痛苦得到宣泄、转移以至遗忘。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">、当阿毛的故事不再新鲜。既然祥林嫂和阿毛的故事只是这些人的心理调节剂，当阿毛的故事不再新鲜的时候，在别人的痛苦、悲哀已经被咀嚼殆尽，成为渣滓以后，就立即&ldquo;厌烦得头痛&rdquo;，便毫不客气地&ldquo;立即打断她&rdquo;，便毫不客气地&ldquo;又冷又尖&rdquo;地笑。甚至&ldquo;似笑非笑&rdquo;地去挑拨、翻弄她的伤疤，希望能在旧的伤疤里找到新的发现，激起新的趣味。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">、可怕的眼光。当阿毛的故事不再新鲜，祥林嫂开始要面对冷峻的人情社会。对于大家的毫不客气地&ldquo;走了开去&rdquo;，对于大家的&ldquo;有意无意&rdquo;、&ldquo;似笑非笑&rdquo;，祥林嫂也只能&ldquo;直着眼睛看他们&rdquo;，只能回以他们&ldquo;一瞥&rdquo;。至于到底是怎样的&ldquo;一瞥&rdquo;，这&ldquo;一瞥&rdquo;之间包含了她的什么样的内心感受，就不是我可以想见的了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">面对这冷的刀枪剑戟，祥林嫂未必知道，也未必不知道。知道了不好，不知道也不好，妙就妙在这&ldquo;未必知道&rdquo;。这是一张看不见、摸不着的罗网，是&ldquo;无物之阵&rdquo;。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">可怜的祥林嫂！可悲的社会众生！<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt">这就是祥林嫂再到鲁镇后，镇上人们对她的态度，当然先后还有鲁四老爷、四婶、婆婆、卫老婆子、甚至堂伯、大伯、庙祝和那些男人、女人、老女人&hellip;&hellip;这就是作者为我们展示的一幅古往今来的社会众生相。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 28pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Adobe 仿宋 Std R&quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">到底是谁杀祥林嫂？似乎难以得出答案，但在鲁迅的另一篇小说《狂人日记》里分明写着：&ldquo;我晓得他们的方法，直接杀了，是不肯的，而且也不敢，怕有祸祟。所以他们大家连络，布满了罗网，逼我自戕。&rdquo;</span></p>]]></description><category>教学日志</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/142.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=142</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=142&amp;key=f43caebf</trackback:ping></item><item><title>《祝福》文本细读(一)</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/141.html</link><pubDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 15:30:52 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/141.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">我上课不喜欢做抽象分析、宏大的概括，更希望以初读者的视角和学生一道走进文本，慢条斯理地、一点一滴地去挖掘、品味和感受&mdash;&mdash;尽管这种方法有课堂话语霸权之嫌也在所不惜。《祝福》这篇文章可能是我用这种方法解读最深入，费时最长的一篇。每次要上《祝福》这篇文章时总会有些异样的感觉，似乎沉浸在对以往自以为精彩解读的美妙回忆之中，又似乎有蓄满了一腔热血准备捋袖子上阵的冲动，而其它文章却无法给我这种感觉。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">这次，我试图把这种感觉记录下来，尽管未必能准确，也未必完全。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">关于标题、作者和其它。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">有些教案、教学设计会把这些东西放在课堂上、正式讲授课文之前解决。讲解标题的内涵、作者的概况、创作的背景和课文的生字生词。说实在话，自从教以来，我就没有按这种方法上过一节课。原因是我一直不理解为什么要如此，找不到说服自己的理由。这些问题放在课前集中解决似乎是提高了学习的效率，可是却把本应完整统一的课文肢解了。甚至，有时候我不允许学生课前去预习课文。因为，我担心预习会让他们失去对课堂的新鲜感。可是不用这种方法，可能会花费好多时间，可是我并不在乎一篇文章会学习多久，更在乎的是他们在每一个单位时间里切实地掌握了多少，提升了多少。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">当然对于这些内容也不可能完全置之不理，只是得尊重阅读基本规律和学生的理解能力。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;祝福&rdquo;这个标题在我们仔细研究完整篇文章前是不大可能有一个完整认识的，除非是我们按教参的解读原样照搬给学生，只是这是我们所不屑的做法。所以，上课的第一步，我只是让学生去回忆、体会通常意义下的&ldquo;祝福&rdquo;的情形和感受，目的在于调动生活的经验和体会为感受文章做准备。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">鲁迅是学生们既熟悉又陌生的。熟悉是学过了鲁迅的较多作品，陌生的是鲁迅的精神和思想。但是不可能在课堂上一次性地把它的思想和精神搬给大家，即使搬了也没用，抽象讲解是起不了作用的，反而会引起反感，它的深刻思想只能通过文本的阅读中得出来。所以对于作者的生平、创作和风格干脆不讲，放到文本解读的过程中合适的时机讲解。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">生字生词不集中讲。用宝贵的课堂时间大讲其&ldquo;烟霭&rdquo;和&ldquo;瓦楞&rdquo;似乎意义并不大，不懂的课后自己去查，要么结合上下文去猜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">第一段解读<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><font size="3">旧历的年底毕竟最像年底，村镇上不必说，就在天空中也显出将到新年的气象来。灰白色的沉重的晚云中间时时发出闪光，接着一声钝响，是送灶的爆竹；近处燃放的可就更强烈了，震耳的大音还没有息，空气里已经散满了幽微的火药香。我是正在这一夜回到我的故乡鲁镇的。虽说故乡，然而已没有家，所以只得暂寓在鲁四老爷的宅子里。他是我的本家，比我长一辈，应该称之曰&ldquo;四叔&rdquo;，是一个讲理学的老监生。他比先前并没有什么大改变，单是老了些，但也还末留胡子，一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我&ldquo;胖了&rdquo;，说我&ldquo;胖了&rdquo;之后即大骂其新党。但我知道，这并非借题在骂我：因为他所骂的还是康有为。但是，谈话是总不投机的了，于是不多久，我便一个人剩在书房里。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、旧历的年底。有旧历便有新历，而且现在肯定是新历，否则无所谓旧历。日历是新日历、制度是新制度、社会是新社会，但思想、风俗并不一定，才有&ldquo;旧历的年底更像年底&rdquo;。况且，不管新旧，年底就是年底，无所谓&ldquo;更像&rdquo;、&ldquo;更不像&rdquo;的问题，只有人才有这种感觉，时间是新的，人的思想观念却是旧的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">当然，尽管&ldquo;矫枉必须过正&rdquo;，但在这个问题上，<st1:personname w:st="on" productid="鲁迅">鲁迅</st1:personname>先生是走了极端了。不要说几十年前，即使现代如我们的今天，旧历的年底也更像年底。在经历传统文化几尽灭绝的时代，在今天大力提倡保护、恢复传统文化的时候，<st1:personname w:st="on" productid="鲁迅">鲁迅</st1:personname>先生心里的那些偏激的观点是应该真的让它过时了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、以退为进。这种方法在上次解读《记念刘和珍君》的时候已经说过了，这是鲁迅经常用的手法。&ldquo;村镇上不必说，就在天空也显出新年的气象来&rdquo;，这让我想起了初中反复背诵的经典名段：&ldquo;不必说碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的桑葚；也不必说鸣蝉在树叶里长吟，肥胖的黄蜂伏在菜花上，轻捷的叫天子（云雀）忽然从草间直窜向云霄里去了。单是周围的短短的泥墙根一带，就有无限趣味。&rdquo;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、新年的气象。这是一段自然环境的描写，是我们这些生活在农村的人所熟悉的，但却写不来，因为我们对周遭的一切往往没有感觉，有感觉也不够细腻。新年的热闹气象是大多数人都喜欢的，因为这种气象是大多数人营造出来的。但作者却不喜欢，把它写得不仅沉闷，而且有些恐怖。我完全可以想像作者是以一种什么样的心态来观察这一切的。这可能跟作者的性格有关，就像他也不喜欢中国的京剧，觉得它太吵。鲁迅的感情、思想是冷峻而深沉的，容不得半点的嘈杂。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">从手法上看，这里调动了视觉<span lang="EN-US">(</span>灰白色<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、听觉<span lang="EN-US">(</span>钝响、震耳的大音<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、嗅觉<span lang="EN-US">(</span>幽微的火药香<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，还有由视觉而引起的重量感觉<span lang="EN-US">(</span>沉重的晚云<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。由于有这些感观的调动，有效调动了读者的内心感受，营造了单调、乏味、沉闷的氛围，也为小说奠定了悲凉的基调。许多学生对此可以理解，但感触往往不够深刻。其实其它艺术各类也常用这种手法，比如影视作品在片头就经常设置一些与内容相应的景象，目的就在于此。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、巧妙的过渡。前面描绘了新年的气象，提供了一个大的背景，然后用&ldquo;这一夜&rdquo;来作结，并引出&ldquo;故乡&rdquo;，又因&ldquo;故乡&rdquo;引出&ldquo;鲁四老爷&rdquo;的宅子。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、骨与肉。写人总得有骨有肉，有骨，才站得起来；有肉，才丰满形象。而鲁四老爷似乎是有骨无肉。虽如此，却让我们印象深刻。作者先写他同我的关系<span lang="EN-US">(</span>本家，长一辈<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，然后写身份<span lang="EN-US">(</span>讲理学的老监生<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，写外貌<span lang="EN-US">(</span>老了些<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，写交往<span lang="EN-US">(</span>寒暄<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，最后写我的感受<span lang="EN-US">(</span>不投机<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，一路娓娓道来，从容不迫。其间还顺带重重地把额头的几条皱纹勾勒了出来<span lang="EN-US">(</span>骂的还是康有为<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。尽管没有直接写他的肖像，只是一身的骨架，但我们却能轻易地自己进行血肉的填充，轻易地浮现出他的样子。这真是高明的写法！之所以有这样的效果，主要通过三个角度实现。一是顶针的运用，造成了单调、乏味、沉闷的气息。二是骂康有为。康有为是晚清的维新党，时间已经过去十多年了，可见他的思想有多么的老古董。三是巧妙的句式。最后一句，&ldquo;我便一个人剩在书房间里&rdquo;，通过&ldquo;剩&rdquo;给人造成一种多余感，还是在制造沉闷、乏味的气氛，而这种气氛是为鲁四老爷们所制造的。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、思想与年龄。作者笔下的鲁四老爷是&ldquo;没有什么大改变，单是老了些，但也还未留胡子&rdquo;。既说了&ldquo;没有什么大改变&rdquo;，又说&ldquo;老了些&rdquo;；既说&ldquo;老了些&rdquo;，又说&ldquo;还未留胡子&rdquo;。表面看来，这样的写法有点儿绕。其实这里的侧重点可能不一样，&ldquo;没有大改变&rdquo;是说其整体的气息，特别是思想没有改变；&ldquo;老了些&rdquo;侧重说外貌；&ldquo;还未留胡子&rdquo;说明他还没老到与其旧思想相称的地步。一般情况下，思想与年龄经常是不成比例的，年龄大了可能有新思想，年龄小的也可能是旧思想，像鲁四老爷。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>]]></description><category>教学日志</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/141.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=141</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=141&amp;key=17f53d7c</trackback:ping></item><item><title>一篇老早的学生习作：《学会承担》</title><author>xmsx115@126.com (黄新生)</author><link>http://www.xsyw.com/post/140.html</link><pubDate>Sat, 03 Apr 2010 22:05:47 +0800</pubDate><guid>http://www.xsyw.com/post/140.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">寒假作文选登《学会承担》</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 160%" align="center"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">2007</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">届十班 许远铮</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">小时候，总以为世界真的就是真善美的，听到的音乐总是美妙的，就以为所有的旋律都是那么动人，看到的河湖总是碧蓝的，就以为所有的流水都是那么清澈。然而，随着时间的流逝，那个童话般美丽的世界渐行渐远，才醒悟到，再好的玉也会有瑕疵，再蓝的天空也会有黑夜。于是，就得学会去承担那点瑕疵，在黑夜中挣扎，学会承担生命之轻与重。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">朋友，算是生命中一大重了。更何况是十几年的友情，更应当是深深扎根在幼小的心里，然后慢慢成长，蔚然成荫，我从来就不认为有哪种强光可以穿透这片浓绿。然而，事实证明我太天真了，当那股猛烈的光笼罩了我的世界，我的眼睛被刺痛了，我已看不见原本清晰的叶脉，一切都显得那么苍白。失去了庇护，我有点不习惯&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">手里紧握着她给我的纸条，一遍又一遍，她说让我当她是空气，视而不见，她说不能象我，明明看不顺眼，却还总摆一堆笑脸，她说我那一套对她没用，她说她可以当我若有若无，她说要我憎恨她，她说&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">我确实当她是&ldquo;空气&rdquo;，我已经适应了十几年的空气，一分一秒都里不开的空气，只有她，我才能汲取到我维持生命所需的能量，一起在操场上奔放，一起在台上舞蹈，一起哭过，一起笑过，一起看日出日下，一起看潮起潮落，一起看云卷云舒，一起看花开花谢，我以为我们可以一起走到永远。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: 幼圆" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">我怎会厌倦呢，我怎么会看不顺眼呢，这十几年来不都这么过来了吗，难道我们还不够了解彼此吗？也许，感觉这东西，不需要理由，她对我的感觉已消逝了，而且是不可挽回，我想留住，可是它已飘远了，飘出了我的世界，离开了我的季节。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">它找到了另一块新的土壤，一个能让她更快乐的地方。看着她们手牵手的背影，听着她们的欢声笑语，我知道她已经再也不属于我了。我明白，我笑着擦干泪水，因为我还爱她，所以我愿她飞向更幸福的地方去。我没再解释，没有再挣扎，因为有些东西解释就等于掩饰，有些东西过了就再也回不来了。我想也已经没有这个必要了，因为她活得很好，这正是我想给她的，只是殊途同归罢了。</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: 幼圆" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">时间分割成对角，停止了她对我的好，瓦解了我们的依靠。在她离开之后的天空，我象风筝寻一个梦。雨后的天空，，是否有放晴后的面容，只能用笑容，去承担这一切，期待雨过天晴后的彩虹。我静静地望着天空，听着自己没有规则的心跳，试着找回失落的感动&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">希望还能够，再回到小时候，重温无忧无虑的快乐。我曾经期待的世界，为什么会有点灰，是不是要有一点残缺这样才完美。那么，为了使它完美，我就得学会去承担这一点残缺&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">&ldquo;一家之言&rdquo;点评：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">小时候，总以为世界真的就是真善美的，听到的音乐总是美妙的，就以为所有的旋律都是那么动人，看到的河湖总是碧蓝的，就以为所有的流水都是那么清澈。<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">我也有类似的感觉，不知你们有吗？能唤起读者的某种回忆就是成功的！<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span>然而，随着时间的流逝，那个童话般美丽的世界渐行渐远，才醒悟到，再好的玉也会有瑕疵，再蓝的天空也会有黑夜。<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">语言表达很好，但直觉是观点抛得太快了，一下子难以接受，或者说一下子便已经意识到作者要说什么了，这样有可能已经落入了俗套！<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span>于是，就得学会去承担那点瑕疵，在黑夜中挣扎，学会承担生命之轻与重。<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">这是结果，也是最本段的重点表述内容，或者是作者的核心表述点所在！<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">开头一段比较平稳，选取的角度比较有特色，我们一般认为是承担过错，承担罪责等等，但作者所承担的是&ldquo;瑕疵&rdquo;。我觉得这不太好写，我们看看作者是如何解决自己提出的这样一个难题的。<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">朋友，算是生命中一大重了。更何况是十几年的友情，更应当是深深扎根在幼小的心里，然后慢慢成长，蔚然成荫，我从来就不认为有哪种强光可以穿透这片浓绿。然而，事实证明我太天真了，当那股猛烈的光笼罩了我的世界，我的眼睛被刺痛了，我已看不见原本清晰的叶脉，一切都显得那么苍白。失去了庇护，我有点不习惯&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">这段写得有点朦胧，但开头&ldquo;朋友&rdquo;这个词给了我们提示，结合第一段的内容，应该大致可以了解作者所要表达的意思。还有一些关键词，&ldquo;我从来不认为&rdquo;，&ldquo;然而&rdquo;，&ldquo;太天真&rdquo;，&ldquo;猛烈的光&rdquo;，&ldquo;有点不习惯&rdquo;等等<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">手里紧握着她给我的纸条，一遍又一遍，她说让我当她是空气，视而不见，她说不能象我，明明看不顺眼，却还总摆一堆笑脸，她说我那一套对她没用，她说她可以当我若有若无，她说要我憎恨她，她说&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">唉！<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">我确实当她是&ldquo;空气&rdquo;，我已经适应了十几年的空气，一分一秒都离不开的空气，只有她，我才能汲取到我维持生命所需的能量，一起在操场上奔放，一起在台上舞蹈，一起哭过，一起笑过，一起看日出日下，一起看潮起潮落，一起看云卷云舒，一起看花开花谢，我以为我们可以一起走到永远。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">唉！！<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">我怎会厌倦呢，我怎么会看不顺眼呢，这十几年来不都这么过来了吗，难道我们还不够了解彼此吗？也许，感觉这东西，不需要理由，她对我的感觉已消逝了，而且是不可挽回，我想留住，可是它已飘远了，飘出了我的世界，离开了我的季节。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">唉！！！<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">它找到了另一块新的土壤，一个能让她更快乐的地方。看着她们手牵手的背影，听着她们的欢声笑语，我知道她已经再也不属于我了。我明白，我笑着擦干泪水，因为我还爱她，所以我愿她飞向更幸福的地方去。我没再解释，没有再挣扎，因为有些东西解释就等于掩饰，有些东西过了就再也回不来了。我想也已经没有这个必要了，因为她活得很好，这正是我想给她的，只是殊途同归罢了。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">！！！！<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">时间分割成对角，停止了她对我的好，瓦解了我们的依靠。在她离开之后的天空，我象风筝寻一个梦。雨后的天空，是否有放晴后的面容，只能用笑容，去承担<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">眼！<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span>这一切，期待雨过天晴后的彩虹<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">补眼<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span>。我静静地望着天空，听着自己没有规则的心跳，试着找回失落的感动&hellip;&hellip; <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">希望还能够，再回到小时候，重温无忧无虑的快乐。<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">伤感！<span lang="EN-US">]</span></span>我曾经期待的世界，为什么会有点灰，是不是要有一点残缺这样才完美。那么，为了使它完美，我就得学会去承担这一点残缺&hellip;&hellip;<span style="color: red" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="color: red">有点玄！<span lang="EN-US">] <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 160%; text-indent: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="line-height: 160%; font-family: 幼圆; color: red; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">恕我直言：我能够理解你所要表达的意思，但意思表达得不够完足，有点儿朦胧了，与&ldquo;承担&rdquo;之间好像有点儿&ldquo;飘忽&rdquo;了，应该更多地考虑读者，一定要加强&ldquo;读者意识&rdquo;！语言绝好，无可挑剔！<span lang="EN-US">]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>]]></description><category>学生作品</category><comments>http://www.xsyw.com/post/140.html#comment</comments><wfw:comment>http://www.xsyw.com/</wfw:comment><wfw:commentRss>http://www.xsyw.com/feed.asp?cmt=140</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.xsyw.com/cmd.asp?act=tb&amp;id=140&amp;key=b1aff8e3</trackback:ping></item></channel></rss>

